Saturday, December 28, 2019

Emergency Responses in Case of a Catastrophe Free Essay Example, 1000 words

A public health officer is responsible for giving information during emergencies. The public health personnel provides to the public and collaborating agencies accurate information as to how the calamity has affected the region and the necessary emergency measures that have already been taken to bring the situation under control. He/ she is also responsible for organizing and integrating a team that aims at rescuing and preventing further damage and deaths of people and domestic animals by the calamity. The chain of command is as follows. At the topmost is the disaster commander who is in charge and responsible for the whole situation. Immediately under the disaster commander are the public information officer and liaison officers. The public information officer should understand the principles of risks in communication. He/she is responsible for giving accurate public health information to the public and collaborating agencies. His/her role is to ensure that the message is consistent. The liaison officer, on the other hand, serves as a point of contact for supporting agencies and answering their questions and providing briefings whenever necessary. The officer also prevents the agencies from being bombarded with questions and requests. The next level includes the operations chief officer whose main work is to develop and implement strategies and tactics with the aim of carrying out incident objectives. We will write a custom essay sample on Emergency Responses in Case of a Catastrophe or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now He is responsible for organizing tactic resources and ensuring that there is good communication with the people delivering the resources. The planning chief officer also falls in this level and he/she is responsible for gathering, analyzing, and disseminating information. The personnel are responsible for compiling an incident action plan and focusing on what might come next within the incident. The personnel should possess qualities of good written and communication skills. Within the same level, the logistics chief officer is responsible for acquiring space and supplying the equipment necessary for the incident. He/she should be fast, accurate, and precise.

Friday, December 20, 2019

In A Postmodern Industrialized Nation Like The United States

In a postmodern industrialized nation like the United States of America, it is crucial to the operation of our society, that we continue to promote the kind of personal freedom and individual success that has been fundamental for advancing our society in the past. This means that as far as the U.S. citizen is concerned, everyone should be given the opportunity to educate themselves and improve their social and economic position to the best of their ability. As Americans, we should have the right to make our own personal contribution to our society. This is the fabric that holds our nation together. It has been woven historically into our culture, and is what constitutes the American dream. Inscribed at the base of the Statue of†¦show more content†¦Specific social institutions like our education system, the economy, and politics, work in collaboration with one another to first and foremost empower individual success stories so that our society can them profit from their comb ined contributions. The largest of all the social institutions in America is, of course, the American Education System. The education system in our country functions by providing our population with the important knowledge and basic facts about the world in which they live. Our education system also passes on the cultural norms and values that will allow people to become responsible members of our society. And finally, perhaps the greatest need that education fulfills is the discovering, developing, and sustaining of the human resources that our society must have to function effectively. For such a sophisticated society as ours to continue to function productively, there must be a readily available supple of competent and adequately skilled individuals to work in many different occupations. Schooling within our education system fulfills this requirement for human capital by providing people with the specialized training and skills they need to be productive and to be able to perform the duties of their occupations. Schooling helps to build the careers that are the backbone of the economy in our country. It is this way that the cultural ideals of personal freedom and equal opportunity are the catalysts that fuel theShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Cultural and Historical Situations on American Literature 1173 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussed in this paper. The first era we will be reviewing will be writings from 1865-1914. The Civil War was just ending in 1865. America lost over a half of million Americans in the war. The nation was in a state of disorder and the south was devastated. Nevertheless, the country prospered. America became industrialized and saw innovations such as the railroads, telegraph, telephone, and electricity. Population increased due to immigration. Between the years of 1865 and 1914, American literature wasRead MoreThe Influence of History on American Literature Essay1546 Words   |  7 Pageswritings from 1865-1914. The Civil War was just ending in 1865. America lost over a half of million Americans in the war. The nation was in a state of disorder and the south was devastated. Nevertheless, the country prospered. America became industrialized and saw innovations such as; the railroads, telegraph, telephone, and electricity. The population of the United States had also started to increase due to immigration. 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It means cultural domination on the one hand (â€Å"Orientals† educated in the United States repeat the Orientalist clichà ©), and economic absorption of poor nations on the other (consumerism in the Orient). A simple example Said takes up is â€Å"the paradox of an Arab regarding himself as an ‘Arab’ of the sortRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution: The Beginnings of the Modern Era Essay1948 Words   |  8 Pages Many historical events can be linked to the beginning of the â€Å"modern era,† but no development continues to impact and shape the contemporary world like the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution affected nations everywhere and ultimately created the world as we know it today. As Peter Stearns said, â€Å"Industrialization was the most fundamental force in world history in both the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries, and it continues to powerfully shape the twenty-first† (1). The IndustrialRead MoreConflict Theory And Conflict Theories1815 Words   |  8 Pagessocietal aspects. This includes the identities of people in the society, their culture, ideologies (which include the values, views, ideas and beliefs), expectations of the society and the norms, the political structure, social institutions, and the state. Marx’s Argument was that the superstructure grows from the base and ends up giving a reflection of the controlling class in charge of it. This way, the outlook of the superstructure gives a clear justification for the way the base operates, henceRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesusefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysis. Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the fiel d of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provideRead MoreHealth Care Policy10795 Words   |  44 Pages will be without health care insurance because coverage will be too expensive (CQ Health beat News, 2005). The United States spends more money on health care than other industrialized nations but is the only one that doesn’t ensure health care coverage for all citizens. Every year, approximately 18,000 unnecessary deaths occur because of health insurance lacking in the United States, (Institute of Medicine [IOM], 2002). Proponents of universal health care coverage say this problem is fixable butRead MoreSocial Policy, Social Welfare, and the Welfare State11346 Words   |  46 Pagesand the welfare state John Baldock    Contents ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   Introduction Learning outcomes Social policy Deï ¬ ning social policy in terms of types of expenditure Analysing social policy Social policy as intentions and objectives Redistribution The management of risk Social inclusion Social policy as administrative and ï ¬ nancial arrangements Social policy as social administration Social policy as public ï ¬ nance Social policy as outcomes Social welfare The welfare state Deï ¬ ning the welfare state Comparing typesRead More Bigger Thomas, of Native Son and Tupac Shakur Essay6110 Words   |  25 Pagessuggesting that Bigger was a very sterotypical black character, poor, afraid, full of angst, and without a release for his mounting frustrations, quick to lash out violently at both blacks and whites. I will then show how modern day gangster rappers like Tupac Shakur and Biggie Smalls continue to reinforce this ï ¿ ½myth,ï ¿ ½ whether consciously or unconsciously, drawing from it in efforts to define themselves, and discuss how the p ropagation of this myth impacts the African American youths who see the choices

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Communication Skills A New International Approach

Question: Task 1 REPORT [30 Marks] Part A Conflict Summary Write a factual conflict summary describing a significant conflict situation in which you have participated. The conflict must be an interpersonal or intergroup conflict. You must have had some connection to the conflict either as a direct participant or as someone drawn into the conflict by a participant. An internal conflict or a conflict that you merely observed others having is NOT ACCEPTABLE as a subject for this assignment. If you write on such a conflict your assignment will not be graded. This summary is to be no more than 600 words long. Students are to address the following questions: What happened in the conflict and how did it escalate? Why did the conflict start or escalate? What was your role in the conflict? What attempts were made to resolve the conflict? What was the outcome, and why did the steps taken produce the outcome? What did this experience teach you about conflict? Answer: Part A Conflict Summary Overview I am a social worker in a charitable institution functioning for the different types of disabled persons. The individuals working in the professional or social group hold a common perseverance to resolve the different patterns of challenges met by the participants while experiencing a collective set of hurdles in the journey of life. The objectives and targets of performances in the process of actions are usually monitored by distinctive set of ideologies that reflect the status of interpersonal relations or communications. The outcome of the deeds stand on the platform of mutual dependency in the course of decision making steps to handle the situations arising amid conflicts of opinions. What happened in the conflict and how did it escalate? The interactive configurations and moods of some workers are precisely impolite and unusual that hurt the sentiments of others. There were some spiritually retarded and physically defied people who failed to properly describe their thoughts while conversing with the social workers. The understanding of uttered language proved to be vital issue to advance towards conflicts and misapprehension of attitudes that rose higher. Why did the conflict start or escalate? The stated expression of the language of the physique and mental states fluctuates from each creature to other but we must attempt to be familiar with it. (McGee, 2009). The discrepancies arose out of confrontations while exchanging the values and principles of thoughts and emotions within the members and professional personnel of the association. The interactive consequences are substantial in founding a near attachment amid the staffs, amongst the populaces and supervisors as also within the users of the home. What was your role in the conflict? There are more or less unsolicited elders other than kids and youngsters with health intricacies who want special courtesy and precaution. The requirements and expectations of the members are quite imperative to be contented through operative communication. The assortment and possibility of choices created misperception for them to highpoint their views when placed in interface with distinct sets of persons though they were hypothetical to give response to the views on identical subject matter and other related topics on behavioral studies. What attempts were made to resolve the conflict? The persons were asked to balance among the diverse principles and opinions on specific theme and interconnect efficiently to prompt the thoughts that are fretful to them. They normally struggled for upholding symmetry when there happened to be the conflicts in demonstrating the facts showing dissention. This appeared to be a quite productive method to create the stability of decision and create set of scales between dissimilar ideas to view on any choice. What was the outcome, and why did the steps taken produce the outcome? The philosophy has a flared effect upon the cerebral frame of manhood and reinforces the perception of shared appreciation (Burke et al. 2011). The concept aids to comprehend the mind-set of the people which has been extensively acknowledged by numerous persons. The concept does not trail any condition that reflects the individuals to be operational decision fabricators. The aptitude to differentiate between conflicting thoughts and dodge the opposing incitements in some circumstances sounds precisely negative to mature the traits of temperament of the entities. There are definite feeble opinions that define disadvantages of behavioural make-up. What did this experience teach you about conflict? The performance of a specific person creates emotional awareness amid other individuals who interrelate with concern being with deference to social vicissitudes that touch each section of communal life. The glitches of persons are tinted with several occurrences of conflicts and they seem to be uncovered to deal with dissimilar circumstances to express themselves and proceed with further pronouncements that ensemble their drive. Part B The ethics and social norms of the civilization shaped a practical impression upon the inhabitants of the association that visit here for suitable sustenance and attention. There are people with therapeutic, nourishing, expressive, instructive, corporeal neglects who wanted appropriate management and guidance to emerge out of opposing circumstances. It is the accountability of workforces to highlight the act of inadvertence of convinced rubrics and purpose that brands certain fences of discernment among dissimilar mentalities of persons. The principled standards of civilisation have delivered enormous help and provision to experience research effort amid different enquiries of disparity and deindustrialization in the middle of the communal sets of folks existing here. The custom of communication means to serve social advancement that create conductive atmosphere, risk calculations and investigation of evidences constructed on annotations (Healy, 2011). This encourages material exchan ges to transport a maintainable upgradation of communication systems including facts of movement of data and edification, better-quality of behavioral designs, social enlistment, and the alignment of media, communal modification and contribution of persons in communal development. All this proposes social renovation and preferment of approaches and verbal alteration. The idea of strength for protection and provision is altering. We have persons with manifold and multifaceted requests and with advanced prospects of wellbeing, precaution and support we may be able to and must offer. Transporting all methods of cooperating services assist us to relate with individuals in production of choices roughly regarding their healthiness and care, and auspiciously penetrate encouraging role of prolonging provision. There are consequential expansion of original and inventive skills with responsible attitudes to transmit the current of communication. The staffs are trained to demonstrate superior access to usage of knowledge to involve in explicit and multi-disciplinary collaboration (OCathain, 2009). They are betrothed in a diversity of backgrounds to ease the socio-economic setting of better demand for maintenance and assistance. The operating members always endeavour to provide brilliant processes of communication policies to progress the inward potentialities of manipulators of the group. The process elaborate head-on questions, operational inquiries of the individuals and common mass media, electronic message and mailing examinations of the civic communities, cardinal supplements through Facebook, twitter and comprehensive packages. There are irresistible responses and reactions of the persons who had heaps of queries concerning the nature of facility and effort of values within the unit (McGee, 2009). The excellence of swapping of views and thoughts has enhanced to guarantee better conducts of the circumstances of existing standard and emotional health. There are succeeding records for the maintenance, capability, communiqu skills, bravery and promises to get-up-and-go in advance with the inspirational spirit and self-assurance in articulating innermost personality. The workers are persuaded to collaborate among them and feel the essence of self-governance to successfully establish their linguistic skills through vigorous contribution in various deliberations. There are convinced zones of concentrating thoughts such as- Helping the general population to stay free with most extreme push to advance prosperity issues and enhancing a definitive aftermath Directing of wellbeing related matters, Working with individuals to impact a beneficial outcome of the energizing background of quality included administrations, Conveying brilliant care and measuring the effect of welfare exercises and sustenance of consideration, Building and reinforcing administration qualities, Guaranteeing the accessibility of the required staff, right usage of abilities at opportune place and time Giving adequate backing to the experience of representatives in positive heading (Kriebelet al. 2011). Along these lines, there happens to be the implementation of created abilities as wellbeing advancing steps initiated by the laborers, with legitimate associations with the individual concerned demonstrating the characteristics of delicate consideration and connection to them. The backing and regard for their necessities are likewise profited by the mediation of expert contact of group administrations who are intrigued to render financial and innovation arranged administrations. There are productive ways to deal with illuminate the difficulties of dementia and different issue concerning physical and cerebral components of the influenced individuals. The medicinal services staff are slanted to advance the mental soundness and quality to test the dangers of life expectancy so that the persons may themselves attempt to confront the troubles strikingly with no gloom. They are trained to settle on right choices on different clashes of issues (Casteldine, 2009). It gives assurance to all individuals, uniformity of chance, equivalent access to vocation in regards to private and open administrations independent of sex, religion, inability, marriage, common organization and so forth. The administrative purveyors and the businesses are qualified for the set up to bring sensible changes in accordance with battle against specific hindrances of incapacity (Bartenet al. 2009). The hierarchical policies are skilfully handled and secured by the approved staffs that are in charge of legitimate execution and usage. Each part including the inhabitants of the unit is treated as specific persons and unique individual consideration is managed to take care of them. None can disregard the folks who visit here for exceptional consideration and treatment. They have the equivalent right of each chance to battle against racial and sexual orientation and segregation. The foundations of the staff and association all in all incorporate limited time exercises for the upgradation of the position of the people as viable individuals from the present day feelings of humanity (Glasby, 2012). They have the privilege to unveil their expectations and wishes to legitimately show their abilities. The characteristic possibilities of the targets are promptly perceived and sustained with most extreme consideration and their information and records are all around secured and oversaw. The distortion of data created because of misconception is kept away from unique arrangements of dialect. The general population are directed with assistance of technology unpremeditated by varying media supplies to amend their issues and disparities (Mays and Lurie, 2009). The technique of Dissonance theory of cognizance demonstrates to be very important in sympathetic consideration of an individual and generating self-awareness. The emotional balance is recovered by resources of actual skills of message that circles the stage to distinguish each other while interacting closely to found the grounds of self-recognition. The defeat of self-awareness and inventive spirit degrades the person to be downhearted and dishonoured. The self-worth is moulded from the sense of open communication with relaxed conversation to disclose thoughts to fill in the breaches of mutual sympathy. The unconventionality of ideas and autonomy of hallucination takes a fellow to the voyage of upliftment (OCathain, 2009). There are laidback phases of progression towards a reliable and regular prospect. The confidences and ends are efficiently satisfied and correctly maintained. The associates of the unit disclose discrete physiognomies of customary actions that would definitely req uire time to correct. Amendment of self-adjusting abilities and response to the behavior of other individuals is not that stress-free to acclimatise. They must be accomplished and sustained to formulise operative running of the concentration and change to customise confirmatory ideas. The philosophy has productive influence upon the attentions of the handlers and the staffs who work at this place for the improvement of inter-personal relation and implement significant tools of service to the benefits of civilisation. Examination of Cognitive Dissonance Philosophy: It is quite stimulating occupation for treating the elements of tangibly and rationally retarded folks suffering from dementia, adulthood hitches and fitness complications. These persons agonise from life-threatening downheartedness, mirages, false philosophies, belligerence, and intellectual let-downs (Geiger and Salas-Lopez, 2010). They are constantly worried and uncertain about more or less disputes or the contradictory sentiments. The communication snags are resolved by remaining calm, attending to them, and philanthropic declaration of retrieval from inconvenience, answering softly, scrutinising their perception and assortment in addition to positioning the assistances appropriate for them. The range of small but humble decrees and generate welcoming relations that curtails several worries. Our sense of duty do not provide extension to arguments while consuming conferences, in detail illuminating our opinions and designs are the foremost standards to have respectable understandi ng (Casteldine, 2009). Each of the persons can effectively take an interest in examinations to the common issue, listen to predominate issues with more noteworthy consideration, and attempt criticism techniques to break down the downsides of the strategies actualized by the staff. We can enhance the supervision of experience by prime examinations of behavioral studies including the treasured ones to correct the current methods and enhance the specialized particulars. The criticism of the persons with admiration to the demeanour of dissimilar inhabitants of the entity and the individuals from the connotation can push us to gather more knowledge and continue as essential. The social connection of the persons with the system of different associations can urge them to push forward strikingly to confront the difficulties of physically and rationally hindered tolerant. References Barten, F., Fustukian, S. De Haan, S. (2009) The Occupational Health Needs of Workers: A New International Approach. Social Justice, 23 Burke, R. J., Cooper, C. L. Clarke, S. (2011) Occupational Health and Safety, 2nd ed. England: Gower Publishing, Ltd. Casteldine, G. (2009) The value of generalist nursing domain, British journal of nursing, vol. 5(18), pg.1146 Davis, L, Souza, K. (2009) Integrating occupational health with mainstream public health in Massachusetts: an approach to intervention. Public Health Rep. 124(1):5-14. Geiger, J. F. Salas-Lopez, D. (2010) Developing a culturally competent health network: a planning framework and guide. Journal of Healthcare Management, 55, 190-204; discussion 204-245 Mays, G. P. Lurie, N. (2009) Applying health services research to public health practice: an emerging priority. Health Survey Research, 44:1775-1787 McGee, P. (2009) Advanced practice in nursing and allied health professions, wiley Blackwell, UK, pg.18. OCathain, A. (2009) Mixed methods research in health sciences. A quiet revolution, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 3 (1) 3-6 Saunila, M., Pekkola, S., Juhani U. (2014) 'The Relationship Between Innovation Capability And Performance'. Int J Productivity and Perf Mgmt 63(2), pp. 234-249 Simpson, C. Edward T. (2011) 'Learning Conversations As Reflective Practice'. Reflective Practice 12(4), pp. 469-480.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

English Language in Terms of Etymology

Question: Discuss about the English Language in Terms of Etymology. Answer: Introduction The etymology of names refers to the study of the origin and literal meaning of names (Berlitz, n.d.). It is the study of the history and origin of words. Notably, new words enter the language on a daily basis and they stop to be used. Some of the main sources of new words are word creation or neologism, acronyms, derivation, eponyms, compounding, inheritance, shortening, blending, and borrowing. Etymologists usually apply the techniques of comparative linguistics to reconstruct information about languages that are too ancient for any direct information to be available. In the area of higher learning such as physical sciences, life sciences, social sciences, medicine and law, English has usually borrowed words from other languages to get new words to cover new ideas, new material, or abstract occurrence. The language has also borrowed mainly from Greek, French, and Latin (Barnhart, 1995). In this paper, we are going to look at the history of both the English language and the Tamil la nguage, where comparisons will be made. History Tamil is a Dravidian language which is predominantly spoken by the Tamil communities of Sri Lanka, india, and the Tamil diaspora constituting Burghers, Chindians, and Tamil Lankan Moors (Bodmer, n.d.). Tamil is used as one of the languages of education in Malaysia along with the English language, Mandarin, and Malay. It is also considered to be one of the longest surviving classical languages in the world. The closest key relative of Tamil is Malayalam. These two languages began diverging around the 9th Century CE and even though many of the distinctions between Malayalam and Tamil indicate a prehistoric division of the western dialect, the process of division into a distinct language, Malayalam, was not finished until the 14th Century (Asimov, n.d.). Similar to any existing language, Tamil has evolved too. As is spoken and written today, Tamil language is quite distinct from what it originally was. The fact that logical classification of society and habitats in a systematic manner were recorded at a very early age in the grammatical treatise Tolkappiyam, is an indication of the organized way in which the Tamil language has evolved. This is a textbook on Tamil grammar providing the inflection of syntax of sentences and words, and is also categorized into three main chapters namely etymology, orthography, and subject matter or Porul (Ayers, n.d.). The 300 years after the Sangam era witnessed an increase in the shared interaction of Tamil and Sanskrit, various words and ideas relating to religion, philosophy, and ethics were equally exchanged and borrowed between the languages. On the other hand, English is a West Germanic language that has its origins from Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to the United Kingdom in the course of the 5th and 7th Centuries (Baugh, n.d.). The closest living relatives of English are Frisian and Scots. Frisian is a language that is spoken by an estimated half a million individuals in the Dutch province of Friesland, in neighboring regions of Germany and on a few islands in the North Sea (Berlitz, n.d.). Over the years, the English language has greatly been influenced by various other languages. Notably, before the Saxons, the language spoken in what is now England was a combination of many Celtic languages and Latin which were spoken before the Romans settled in England between 54BC and 5BC. Many of the words passed on from this period are those coined by Roman soldiers and merchants such as win (wine), belt (belt), weall (wall), and candel (candle) (Barnhart, 1995). The ancient Germanic language evolved into three main parts namely North Germanic, East Germanic, and West Germanic. While the East Germanic languages have disappeared, the northern ones exist today as Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic and Swedish (Bodmer, n.d.). The West Germanic languages exist today as Dutch and their variants, German, and English. Notably, modern English framer is very distinct from modern German grammar. This is because initially, it was transformed by Norse-speaking invaders in the 9th and 10th Centuries, then by Norman-French speaking invaders in the 11th Century, then by researchers and antiquarians in the 16th and 17th Centuries, and finally by the Internet, globalization, and new ideas of power in the 20th Century (Asimov, n.d.). Comparison There exist English words that have been borrowed ultimately or directly from Dravidian languages constituting Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada (Ayers, n.d.). The words have also been borrowed from various other languages spoken mainly in South Asia. Although some of the words can be traced to particular languages, others tend to have uncertain or disputed origins. Three origins of words that will be compared between the two languages are candy, congree, and godown. The word Godown which is also synonym to warehouse is English from Malay which may have been borrowed from Telugu, angi, or Tamil ki-anku (Baugh, n.d.). This word is a common term in various parts of India and was often utilized in 19th Century Hong Kong. Congee which means rice porridge or water with rice in English has an uncertain origin. However, it is assumed to be from Tamil, Kannada or Telugu. The earliest reference to congee that was found dates back to the Han Dynasty and further back to about 1,000 BC. In other Asian cultures, congee is also referred to as kanji. On the other hand, Candy which is crystallized sugar or confection made from sugar is a Dravidian word which stems from the Sanskrit root word Khanda (Berlitz, n.d.). This is a relatively novel word in the way it is used today. The word has its origins from Proto-Dravidian words Kantu meaning sweet, and Kattu meaning lump and harden (Barnhart, 1995). Notably, the word Candy found its way into the English language in the course of the 15th Century. Additionally, sugar candy was borrowed from the French and Italian from the Arabic word sukkar quandi. Sukkar originated from the Sanskrit word Sarkara meaning granular particles, gravel, or grit but also came to mean crystalline sugar (Bodmer, n.d.). Conclusion The answers to questions such as why there are so many distinct languages lie in the study of etymology which is concerned with the origins of words and how the spellings, sounds, and meanings have evolved over time. References Asimov, I. (n.d.). Words from the myths. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Ayers, D.M. (n.d.). English words from Latin and Greek elements. 2nd Edition. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press. Barnhart, R.J. (1995). Dictionary of etymology: The origins of American English words. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. Baugh, A.C.A. (n.d.). A history of the English language. 2nd Edition. London: Routledge. Berlitz, C. (n.d.). Native tongues. New York: Grosset Dunlap Publishers. Bodmer, F. (n.d.). The loom of language. New York: W.W. Norton Company, Inc.