Measures to avoid the collapse of Jarvis construction Essay

Measures to avoid the collapse of Jarvis construction - Essay Example Jarvis Construction Company could have avoided collapse by ensuring an intensive analysis of the environment prior to formulating strategies. This should have been followed by a clear plan of implementation to ensure the mission of the construction firm remains on track (Adamson and Pollington, 23). Organizational strategic management demands that a company must remain in control of its strategies of operations. Jarvis construction lacked extensive external analysis in the United Kingdom construction industry. This caused the management to squander the opportunities available within the construction market. The conflict between price water house coopers and Jarvis was an early indicator of strategic collapse of weakening. The management of the company failed to appreciate the fact that strategies are not always implemented exactly as planned (Radosavljevic and Bennett, 19). Strategic organizational management in the construction industry demands flexibility depending on the market pr essures and the need to retain competitive advantage. The unforeseen environmental events affected the performance of the company adversely (Adamson and Pollington, 23). This could have been avoided by appreciating the gap between the strategies which are intended and those realised. The invariable changes in the course of implementation lead to profit warnings and inevitable losses. The management needed to have a constant strategic action with is dynamic and responsive to market pressures. The management of Jarvis Company could have invested in skilled and analytical thinkers. The training of personnel capable to digesting data and bring out the desired direction. The first change in the construction and the rising competition was not addressed in time. The failure of the company to adapt to the environmental influences has a profound effect on the firm (Radosavljevic and Bennett, 19). The management of the company needed to utilize industrial organization to ensure that the indus try maximized its competencies and resources (Adamson and Pollington, 23). This would have course Jarvis Construction Company to influence the strategies of the rival companies or even alter the industrial structure in the United Kingdom. An analysis of the operations shows that Jarvis Construction Company lacked a distinctive competence despite the strong reputation and decades of experience, the construction giant succumbed to the gradual market pressure which can be attributed to lack of operating strategy. The value of the company continued to fall (Radosavljevic and Bennett, 19). The management of Jarvis Construction Company failed to enhance its tangible and intangible assets. These included information, equipment, capital and knowledge. The management of the Jarvis admitted failure in delivery of quality services of London-Glasgow express. This could have been avoided by ensuring that the operational strategy is run effectively and effectively. The risk management strategy of the company needed to be reinvented to address the current threats to within the construction industry (Adamson and Pollington, 23). This is evidenced the results of the Potters Bar crash in Hertfordshire in 2002. The company needed to invest in sustained competitive advantage through excellence in service delivery. Systematic and comprehensive financial strategies could have been used to ensure the company avoided a financial meltdown. The financial advisers of Jarvis Construction Company should have helped the company to capitalize of the favorable market situations. Overreliance of a single client posed directly threats to the financial stability of the

Hand book customer service Essay Example for Free

Hand book customer service Essay Policies: policies (structure, use, focus, customer requirements/expectations, product and service knowledge, consultation, confidentiality, customer perceptions and satisfaction, monitor customer service and satisfaction, influences affecting implementation, effective communication) Quality of service: methods of assessment; customer expectations; standardised procedures; codes of practice; staff levels (staffing levels, staff competency, flexibility, reliability and responsiveness) Evaluation: purpose; sources of feedback; accuracy; relevance; reliability; validity; methods of data collection; improvements; staff training and development Hospitality industry: industries within the hospitality industry eg hotels, restaurants, pubs, bars and nightclubs, contract food service providers, hospitality services, membership clubs, events 2. Understand the purpose of promoting a customer-focused culture Communication: types eg verbal, non-verbal body language, written; types of response; use; effect Customer: central role; customer service culture; identifying and analysing customer requirements and expectations; influences of service provision on customer perceptions Benefits of improved service: customer satisfaction, repeat business, improved reputation, increased profit  3. Be able to investigate customer requirements and expectations Requirements: sources of information eg customers, staff, management, customer records, past information Module Handbook C. Ugoji Sept, 2013 Page 2 Unit Handbook Unit 4: The Customer Service Primary research: primary research eg sampling, qualitative, quantitative; interview eg individual, group, survey, observation; contact methods eg mail, telephone, personal Secondary research: internal eg sales records, yield data, financial information, client databases; external eg government publications, trade journals, periodicals, professional associations, national organisations, commercial data Satisfaction levels: planning; strategy; assessment of options using researched information; role of the business and services manager; staffing levels; motivating staff; improvements 4. Be able to provide customer service within business and services contexts to meet required standards  Types of customers: different age groups eg the elderly, children; different cultural backgrounds; special needs eg physically disabled; satisfied; dissatisfied; under influence eg drugs, alcohol, medication Customer needs: customer needs eg products and services, urgent, non-urgent, special requirements, quality of service, value for money, cultural, social; trends eg fashion, ergonomic, equipment, training, products and services, consumer protection legislation Customer service: consultation; advice; personal selling; complaints procedure; reception skills; confidentiality Learning Outcomes: To achieve this unit leaner must: 1. Understand customer service policies within business and services contexts 2. Understand the purpose of promoting a customer-focused culture 3. Be able to investigate customer requirements and expectations 4. Be able to provide customer service within business and services contexts to meet required standards. Teaching strategies used: Following are the different teaching and learning strategies, a description of how they work, where they have been applied, results, and where to find more information from individuals, books, web sites, and other resources. Lecture Notes The most basic way of supporting teaching in this module – a place for students to access lecture notes. The main advantages are reduction in the amount of college Module Handbook C. Ugoji Sept, 2013 Page 3 Unit Handbook Unit 4: The Customer Service photocopying and students can access notes prior to lecture and prepare themselves. Presenting Lectures Displaying these lecture notes with the addition of projectors using power point presentation slides to visualize the information to the students. An increasing variety of ways are utilizing to reach students of all different learning styles, to help the students to understand complicated concepts and remember them better by using master graphic tools both on whiteboard and on computers. Interactive Tutorials A set of questions have been designed for each session in assessing student learning of subject matter using both paper based and computer based assessment techniques. The web and web authoring  Students are directed to use the advanced search engine to navigate the correct and legitimate information for their assignment. Different search engines compile information using different criteria and have access to different databases. Applying technology to develop students higher order skills and creativity to manage student learning activities in a technology-enhanced environment. Group Discussions The students will be give topics and some cases with the use of case study that relates to the topic covered in each session. There will also be a follow up on the discussion using group presentation and class assessment as the case may be. Summary of lecture For every session, there will be overall summary at the end teaching session. Attempting the passing criterion in class The student must attempt one or more learning outcome question covered in each session and the evidence will be documented

Epithets in Othello :: Othello essays

Epithets in Othello An epithet is an adjective or adjective phrase that characterizes a person or thing. Epithets can often consist of abusive or contemptuous words such as those directed by the professionally offended Iago in Shakespeare's Othello. Iago refers to Othello with damning epithets to suggest the Moor as a lust driven animal that is violating the innocent Desdemona. For instance, he calls Othello, "an old black ram" who is "tupping" Brabantio's "white ewe"(Act I, Scene I: 90-91). He is referring to the fact that Othello is a Moor, or dark skinned man. Iago is also making the insinuation that Othello is, at this moment, copulating with Brabantio's innocent daughter, Desdemona. In addition, Iago warns Brabantio that if he does not rescue his daughter, the "devil" will make Brabantio a grandfather (Act I, Scene I: 93). Again, he is suggesting that Othello is demonic and comparable to a wild animal. He continues erupting insults shouting that a "Barbaray horse" is mounting D esdemona and that Brabantio's nephews will "neigh" and cousins will be "coursers," or strong horses (Act I, Scene I: 113-114). Yet again, Iago is suggesting that Othello is animal-like and that this quality will arise throughout Brabantio's family. It is important to note that in the play production Iago speaks such crude and obscene language while hiding behind several clustered poles below Brabantio's window. This gesture reveals Iago's attempt to remain an "honest man" in the eyes of the other characters while carrying out a plan of revenge. Although Iago's insults toward Othello appear to be racial, it does not make the entire play racist. Iago is so consumed by revenge against Othello, for passing him over for the promotion that he will say or do anything to attain his "peculiar end" (Act I, Scene I: 62).

Adversity and What We Gain From It :: Personal Narratives Sports Medicine Essays

Adversity and What We Gain From It In all parts of life there are periods of adversity that we must face, the real challenge however, is what and how we gain from conquering those trials. There have been many times that I have been faced with adversity, it has happened in all aspects of my life at one time or another. Whether it is dealing with the ups and downs of hockey or balancing the pressure that comes with an elite hockey schedule and high school, there are always obstacles. Some of these challenges can bring about positive effects that influence the path of one’s life. In one such experience of mine, the amount of adversity was not near as great as the positive out come that came from my experience. It happened when I was thirteen, I suffered a hockey injury that helped me to realize the area I wanted to study and hopefully have career in. The time it took me to rehabilitate my shoulder was a time of great learning for me but it also came with a great deal of adversity. It was an injury that sidelined me for weeks while at the same time pushed me on my way to a new work ethic and a new enthusiasm for learning. When I was in grade seven, I was playing my second year of peewee hockey and playing for my junior high school team as well. The junior high league allowed checking and the peewee league did not. Because of this I was not accustomed to the new aspect of hockey brought on by checking. I was injured in an intense game against our rival junior high, which was filled with plenty of checking. I was on the receiving end of a brutal check from behind which is something not permitted in any league, the player that hit me received a penalty and a game expulsion. I tried to continue playing but it was no use, I was barely able to raise my arm. I ended up in the hospital where the doctor informed me that I had severely dislocated my left shoulder and would have to miss up to three weeks of play. I had never been forced to miss hockey because of an injury before and it was the worst news I had ever heard. The time I missed from hockey was one of the most difficult periods I had been through up t o that point.

My ethnic identity Essay

Ethnicity is a way of defining, differentiating, and organizing around a shared awareness of the common ancestry of socially distinct groups of individuals, such as language, culture, religion, or nationality. It can shape community and identity, as well as can mobilize â€Å"like-minded† people into action for gaining social, political, and cultural interests. I am Mainland Indian. Since that is about a billion people, I have to add a lot more details. I would say that I am Western Indian. However, that is still not enough because it does not specify my personal identity. Ahmedabad is an important part of my identity because I was born in Ahmedabad. My parents and I can speak its local dialect. Simply put, my ethnicity is Western Indian and Gujarati. Also, I can speak English and Hindi and I am a Hindu. It is the first step that costs troublesome. As an Indian student first coming to New Jersey, USA for living my rest of the life, it was quite challenging to quickly adapt to my new life because of culture shock. To me, language barrier was a hard issue. As the language obstacle progressively became my hardship on a regular basis, I believed that in order to get over the language barrier, improving English while learning Spanish at high school should have been given top priority. After arriving in New Jersey, I lived at an apartment with my family, which was far from the downtown area. I did repeatedly miss my teachers, classmates, friends, and relatives in India. At that moment, the happiest time of day was to sit in front of my laptop, talking with my parents and friends through the Internet. Furthermore, the alien environment of New Jersey Institute of Technology campus was another major obstacle to me. As a freshman, I often got lost on campus, having difficulty finding the way to classrooms and accessing to a variety of facilities. Ethnicity is like a personal identity, referring to his or her own â€Å"sense of belonging to or identification with a group or tradition over time, based on commonalities with similar others. SANSKAR (Indian student association) did make me feel a strong sense of belonging by providing far more services to help all freshmen from India rapidly get used to the new life. I was so happy that I got to know many senior students who enjoyed sharing with me their experiences on how to overcome the setbacks they had ever encountered,  as well as on how to adjust to the new environment with the new students. From sharing their experiences, I learned how to well communicate with my peers and how to develop my interpersonal skills. I believed that these invaluable skills might help me greatly hinder dependence on my parents. My first month at NJIT went smoothly. With the help of those senior students, I gradually adapted to my new life by helping me improve English, overcome homesickness, and familiarize campus. Moreover, SANSKAR launched interesting activities in order to enrich each Indian student’s off-campus life. My friends and I did participate in some meaningful activities. Like SANSKAR, Jersey City Indian square (Little India) can be another home for me. I always spend my spare time going there with friends. As soon as I get there, I do have a strong sense of community. Although Jersey City Indian square is small, its physical landscape is perfectly in response to urban development and the growing success of the Indian community formation in New Jersey. These days, Jersey City Indian square, which is located at the center of many Indian social and cultural organizations, does perform a number of significant functions. Besides, the majority of Indian and foreign population in New Jersey enjoys going to Indian square to purchase some delicious food and some delicate souvenirs, gifts, accessories, or even handmade articles. In addition, Jersey City Indian square annually hosts the celebration of Indian festivals and also American festivals. I often go there for watching an Indian dance during the Indian New year, admiring lanterns and traditional Indian dances during the Mid-Autumn Festival, or getting green fortune cookies for St. Patrick’s Day. Since I am in a White-dominated society, as a member of minority group, I have to internalize the values of the dominant society. However, showing respect to life not only is a common ideology for everyone, but also is a rationale for minimizing and eradicating inequality, privilege, oppression, and marginalization.

buy custom Ossification of Bone essay

buy custom Ossification of Bone essay The process of humanformationstarts once the sperm fertilizes the ovum. The fertilized ovum usually contains both the female and male nuclei called pronuclei. After fertilization, cleavage occurs to form two cells. A zygote is the fertilized egg before the process of cleavage. Once fertilized, the egg undergoes a period of gestation in the womb that takes about 266 days before delivery (Marseken Surhone). Once cleavage begins, it goes on toformmany cells. These cells undergo specialization toformvarioustissues. The tissues in turn form organs. The embryo is the developing baby between the first cleavage and the time when allmainorgans of the body form. Theembryonicperiodis 56 days or eight weeks. After this period, the embryo becomes a fetus. The remaining 38 weeks, until birth, is the fetal period. Most of the fetal skeleton consists of cartilage. Cartilage has no minerals or salts (Marseken Surhone). The skeletal system is one of the vital systems in the human body. It consists oflargebones and small bones. Large bone in the body includes the sternum, the cranial sutures, the pelvis, the radius and ulna. These bones take a long time tomature. Amaturebone is ahardandcompactliving tissue. It consists of a dense layer of small structural units made up of bothorganiccomponents such as fibroblasts, collagen, proteins, extracellular matrix and living cells (Marseken Surhone). It also consists of mineral constituents mainly calcium carbonate and hydroxyapatite. Calcification The process of bone formation is long and immensely complicated. It is a particularly vital process in development of the human body. Ossification is the process of formation bone through the activities of bone forming cells called osteoblasts. These cells take calcium from blood and deposit the salts into the bone. Most bones ossify partly sometime before the time of birth (Henrikson, Gordon Mazurkiewicz). In order to understand ossification, it is necessary to understand some of the various terms used in explaining this process. Osteogenesis is the other name for ossification. Calcification is a relatedwordbut it does not mean the same. Calcification is the deposition of calcium salts in to thesoftbone tissues in the process of bone formation. This process takes place with the aid of Vitamin D. absence of vitamin D leads to the formation of soft bone and Rickets. Calcification process goes on throughout life until the age of about 40 years when bone development ceases (Henrikson, Gordon Mazurkiewicz). The process of ossification or bone formation cuts across the embryonic, fetal period, infancy through to early adulthood. In the third month, bone formation centers start to appear. Long formation of long bones begins during this period. The fetal skeleton forms by the time the fetus is three months old. Types of Ossification The bones form from conversion of certain connective tissues. There are various tissues that can develop into bones. These determine the ossification type. Ossification process is of two types: endochondral and intramembraneous ossification. Bone synthesis involves intramembraneous ossification, endochodral ossification or a combination of both. Intramembraneous ossification also called mesenchymal ossification occurs when embryonic cells of the mesoderm called mesenchyme transforms into bone. In other words, bones form from mesenchymal condensation. Mesoderm is the middle layer of the three layers of cells that form in the embryonic period. Mesenchyme cells are responsible for the formation of most of the connective tissues, skeletal tissues, visceral tissues as well as the blood tissues. Example of the bones derived from this ossification type is the bones of the skull (Henrikson, Gordon Mazurkiewicz). On the other hand, endochondral ossification also called intracartilageneous ossification occurs when calcification or deposition of calcium occurs in the preformed cartilage tissues. The bone develops from cartilage and gradually replaces the soft cartilage. Most skeletal bone formations in the body form through this process. It occurs when osteoblasts arise in certain regions of the cartilage. Osteoblasts are actively-dividing cells that form bones. They undergo development to form mature bone cells called osteocytes. Osteocytes embed in the bone matrix.Chondrification is the conversion of mesenchmal condensations in cartilage. This process starts occurring during the second month of gestation (Martini, et al.). Membrane bones start ossification before the second month while cartilaginous bones begin ossifying after the second month (Martini, et al.). Centers of Ossification This process does not just start anywhere. There are certain points where ossification starts. The osteoblasts begin the activities of laying down the lamellae (the thin bands of calcium filled matrix usually arranged concentrically around a haversian canal) at these sites. These points are the centers of ossifications. Osteoblasts secrete the principal bone protein constituent called collagen as well as other substances that constitute the bone. There are two centers of ossification: primary and secondary centers. Primary centers appear in the fetal period while secondary centers appear after delivery. The radius usually has three ossification centers: one on the shaft and others on the heads of the bones. The first center of ossification to appear is the one on the shaft. It begins at around the end of the second month. One year after birth, ossification begins on the lower epiphysis while the upper center of ossification appears at about five years. Lengthening may go on until the age of sixteen years when ossification starts to cease. The ossification of the ulna is slightly different. Just like the radius it has three centers of ossification: on the olecranon, at the center and the exterior end. Intramembraneous ossification takes place in the center and starts at about eighth week. The olecranon and the inferior extremity are both cartilaginous at birth. Ossification center appears near the styloid process and spreads. The olecranon starts ossifying at ten years while the inferior extremity begins at about sixteen. The sternum develops through mesenchymal ossification to form two cartilaginous bars. After fusing, the two bars develop eight centers of ossifications. The first appears at six months of pregnancy, second in the seventh month, the last appears at the eighteenth year. Ossification may go on up to 40 years, but usually it is complete by 25 (Henrikson, Gordon Mazurkiewicz). Some parts remain unossified. Ossification of the Cranial Sutures The cranium undergoes ossification along cranial sutures. Both itramembraneous and endochondral ossification takes place distinctively. The neurocranium forms through mesenchymal ossification. The cranial base and the viscerocranium develop through intracartilaginous ossification. The membranous neurocranium has five centers of ossification, two frontal, two parietal and one occipital (Opperman 475). The increase in brain volume provokes initiation of these centers. The flat bones grow radially against each other. The trabeculae thicken and cancellous bone becomes less porous than before forming compact bones. When there is a further development of compact bone and continues opposing of cranial bones, sutures form. A suture is an immovable joint in the cranium usually with little connective tissue between the frontal and parietal bones found (Opperman 473). These sutures will provide intramembraneous growth sites. Increase in the cranial pressure due to the growth of brain lead to widening of cartilaginous growth sites and addition of cancellous bones on the edges. The sutures maintain the same distance between the developing bones. The sutures do not undergo ossification during the period of cranial expansion. Ossification of sutures as well as closure of fontanelle (a cranial opening in a fetus or an infant that occurs due to the incomplete ossification) occurs since the brain is no longer exerting pressure on the cranium (Opperman 478). These occur when the brain ceases to grow and stops exerting pressure on the five centers of ossification. Despite the cessation of brain growth, the cartilaginous bones continue lying down of spongy bones that grow past each and forming a continuous flat bone (Opperman 478). The sutures lose their potency at this point. From this point, it is ineffective to carry out bone remodeling. Premature ossification results in a permanent deformation of cranium. Rapid, premature fusion of the sutures leads to cranial asymmetry (Opperman 481). On the other hand, late ossification of cranial sutures results in sutural abnormalities and large fontanelle. Bone remodeling is the altering of bone structure of asymmetric or disproportionate skull to achieve symmettry. Orthotic modeling depends on ossification. If cranial sutures close due to early cessation of brain expansion, bone modeling is hard to achieve (Opperman 482). Structure of a Long Bone By studying the formation of long bones such as radius, one can understand the process of ossification. There are different classes of shape according to their shapes. These are flat bones, irregular bones, short bones and long bones. A mature long bone consists of a cylindrical shaft or body that has a marrow cavity within the compact bone called diaphysis. The endpartcalled epiphysis has spongy bone covered with a shell of compact bone. These two parts develop separately. Immature long bone has the two parts separated by cartilage. This transitional cartilaginous region is the metaphysis. A thin membrane called periosteum covers and encloses the outer bone. Periosteum membrane supplies the bone with oxygen and nutrients as well as removes waste from the bones (Marseken Surhone). Compact bone is a dense, solidly filled (with mineral salts and organic compounds) bone matrix with small lacunae that have osteocytes. Osteocytes are mature osteoblasts are no longer involved in bone formation. Bone matrix consists of collagen fibers and crystalline salts bonded together (Marseken Surhone). The minerals are calcium and phosphate salts. The matrix form concentric circles called Haversian systems. Haversian systems are also called osteons. Compact bones have small canals that ramify them called Haversian canal. A haversian canal forms a cylindrical surrounded by lamellae and cells-containing lacunae (Marseken Surhone). Lamellae is thin bands cancerous matrix usually arranged in concentric around a haversian canal. The lacunae in the compact bones forms links with each other through microscopic channels called canaliculi. Compact bone forms a thin coating around cancellous bone. Volkmanns canals pass through and cross the Haversian systems allowing for circulation of all bone structures. Cancellous bone is the spongy-like, lattice-like bone usually within medullary cavity with a lot of space within it. It has a lower density than a compact bone. Ossification Process of Long Bone The process of ossification of long bones has two stages: the early steps of ossification and the growth of epiphysis. In the first stage, intramembraneous ossification occurs to form the periosteal collar. A primary ossification center forms by the formation of matrix of diaphysis. The matrix undergoes erosion by blood vessel to form calcified spicules. Then bone forms from osteoblast cells on the calcified spicules. Finally, invasion of blood vessels initiates a secondary center of ossification (Marseken Surhone). The second phase of long bone formation involves the growths of the epiphysis. The development of the epiphysis plate takes place through various zones that occur in succession (Marseken Surhone). First is the zone ofreserve cells. These cells form a thin layer of chondrocytes next to the bony trabeculae. The second is the zone of proliferation where chondrocytes form in staked rows with a basophilic cartilage. There is a mitotic division of chondrocytes. The third zone is the zone of maturation that lacks chondrocyte mitosis, but has a gradual cellular enlargement. Fourth is the zone of hypertrophy where there is an increase in the size of chondrocytes as well as the lacunae. The other one is the zone of calcification. Here, calcium salts deposit in the matrix around the lacunae. The result is the death of cells. The next is the zone of ossification. Osteoblasts secrete bone matrix on the calcified cartilage plates. Last is the zone of re-absorption where osteoclasts actively absorb bone spicules. The bone increases in size up to the end of adolescence. In addition to increase in length, the body maintains the thickness and strength of the bone. Osteoclasts deposit new bone material while osteoclasts reabsorbs the old bone materials. The rates of deposition and absorption are the same. The net mass of the bone remains the same throughout. Osteoclasts occur in small amounts but concentrated masses. They erode the bone for a short time and create a tunnel in the bone then cease their activity. They are succeeded by osteoclasts which deposit bone material for about a hundred days replacing the lost bone and filling the tunnel. Blood vessels signal cessation of osteoblasts activities once bone mass reaches it (Marseken Surhone). Ossification of different bones completes at different ages. At 25 years, ossification of all bones is complete. However, the alternating activities of osteoblasts and osteoclasts go on until the age of 40-45. A process of bone loss can occur if there is no replacement of calcium. The process of healing of bones at this stage is very slow. Buy custom Ossification of Bone essay

The Contract Holding Theory and Unincorporated Associations.

The Contract Holding Theory and Unincorporated Associations. Free Online Research Papers There is no precise legal definition of an ‘unincorporated association’, but according to Lawton LJ in Conservative Central Office v Burrell , there must be some mutual duties and obligations between the members of the association. The general idea seems to be that an unincorporated association will comprise of a group of individuals who attach themselves as members of the association in order to achieve some particular purpose. Unlike an incorporated company, an unincorporated association possesses no legal personality, it cannot be separate and distinct from its individual members, and so cannot be afforded the same rights and liabilities entitled to an independent person . Consequently, it cannot, generally speaking, hold donated property or assets unless the donation is for it’s purposes. If the purposes of the association are charitable under the provisions in section 14 of the Charities Act 1993 (to be replaced by similar provisions in the Charities Bill 2005), then the gift can be for charitable purposes and will therefore be valid. However, the problem of property holding in unincorporated associations arises where the association is formed for non-charitable purposes, since gifts to these associations must be held on trust, but the trust will be automatically void simply because the association has no legal personality and therefore cannot be a beneficiary under the trust . The idea that a trust must have someone to compel performance of it forms the basis of the beneficiary principle established by Grant MR in Morice v Bishop of Durham . In response, the courts have tried to avoid the effect of the beneficiary principle on non-charitable unincorporated associations in a variety of ways. The initial idea that a gift be interpreted as belonging to the members of the association is virtually redundant in today’s law, since it allows members to spend the assets however they like, and not specifically for the purposes of the association – which is more than likely what the donor intended (as noted in Leahy v Attorney-General for New South Wales ). There appear now to be only two significantly identifiable possibilities in overcoming the property holding problem. Firstly, the courts could construct a gift to an association as a gift for the benefit of the members, to be held on trust (Re Denley approach) , or alternatively, as a gift to the members to be held on the basis of the contractual obligations between them contained in the rules of the association (contract-holding theory ). The ‘Re Denley’ (or trust analysis) approach is really an exception to the beneficiary principle, rather than a direct solution to its consequences on non-charitable unincorporated associations, as it validates what would otherwise be an invalid private purpose trust as in (Re Endacott ). Nonetheless, since it does not infringe the beneficiary principle it can be a workable approach if the objects of the trust are certain . One of the main benefits of this approach is that gifts on trust will no doubt mirror the settlor’s intentions, however, this construction is weakened by its limitation only to inward looking associations – existing solely to promote the members interests. On the other hand, the contract-holding approach goes a step further than the Re Denley approach, in that it is also applicable to outward looking unincorporated associations, which operate to promote some external cause or purpose. This approach was duly followed in Re Recher’s Will Trusts , where Brightman J held that a gift to a non-charitable society could be construed as a gift to benefit the members of the association, subject to their contractual obligations contained in the rules of the association. In addition, the approach ensures that the settlor’s intentions are observed, insofar as it ties a contract over how the money is to be spent by the members. Comparison would, prima facie, suggest that the contract-holding theory is more advantageous as a solution to the property holding problems in unincorporated associations, particularly as the scope of its application is that much wider than the trust analysis approach. However, the contractual analysis approach is not without its flaws either. For one, the whole idea that the members hold trust property on the basis of their contractual obligations is evidently a risky one, since the members will always be free to alter the terms of the contract at a general meeting. Worst still, if this occurred, neither the donor nor his estate could do anything since s/he will not be privy to that contract if s/he is not a member of the association. In addition, following the decision in Re Bucks, the contract-holding approach implies that only existing members of the association can have entitlement to its assets on its dissolution. The resulting effect is that a newly acquired member of the association will acquire entitlement to the assets, even though no formal transfer has ever taken place with the previous member. This seems inappropriate; since it may well be that the settlor never intended this to be the case. Further, in reality, by the very informal nature of their construction, many unincorporated associations exist without contractual agreements between the members, and in such cases the contract-holding theory cannot operate. The need for a contract is also problematic when dealing with testamentary gifts, because, to put it simply, dead people cannot possibly contract. This problematic area within the contract holding theory has not gone without notice in the past, and it was noted by Brightman J in Re Recher’s Will Trusts , who commented in his judgment that: â€Å"†¦It would astonish a layman to be told that there was a difficulty in his giving a legacy to an unincorporated non-charitable society which he had, or could have, supported without trouble during his lifetime.† Application of the contract-holding theory also has its difficulties when deciding how any surplus property or assets should be distributed if an unincorporated association dissolves under a rule in Re William Denby Sons Ltd Sick and Benevolent Fund . In such instances, the courts can choose to hold the property on a resulting trust for the donors ; or give the property to the Crown as bona vacantia . However, these two options were disfavoured in Re Bucks Constabulary Widows’ and Orphans’ Fund Friendly Society (No.2) where the court took a more pragmatic approach, recognising that surplus property could be distributed equally between members. It follows that since the decision in Re Bucks, this is now the preferred method adopted by the courts, thereby supporting the use of the contract-holding theory. In spite, of its numerous imperfections, the courts still tend to favour contractual analysis over trust analysis when dealing with property holding, since cases such as Leahy(above), and Neville Estates(above) insinuate that Re Denley approach rarely works. Whatever the case, even where the contract-holding theory or the Re Denley trust construction can be used as a solution to the property-holding problem, they may still fall victim to the unforgotten ‘rule against perpetuities’ – which will make a potentially valid trust for property in an unincorporated association void if it can potentially last for more than 21 years after the death of the death of the specified objects in the trust . In conclusion, considering the array of problems within the contract-holding theory, it would not, in my opinion, be unfair to assert that it is in need of heavy reform, but in the interim I would agree that in light of the various other methods of construction of a ‘gift’ that the courts have adopted in the past, the contract-holding theory remains the best, and most workable, approach so far. There has been suggested by writers Hayton and Mitchell , that non-charitable purpose trusts held in unincorporated association should have an enforcer who will be able to take charge of the trust. This would undoubtedly solve the problem the contract-holding theory has in satisfying the beneficiary principle with regard to non-contractual members, thereby extending the scope of its application to non-contract situations. However, if there is no contract between the members there would be nothing to bind the appointed enforcer to his duties and obligations, and so, in practice this solution might prove to be wholly unworkable. BIBLIOGRAPHY TEXTBOOKS Watt, Gary. Trusts and Equity. 2nd edn. Oxford University Press Martin, Jill. Hanbury and Martin: Modern Equity. 17th edn. Sweet Maxell Ltd Hayton and Mitchell. Cases and Commentary on Trusts and Equitable Remedies 12th edn. pp.201-6 Ramjohn, Mohammed. Unlocking Trusts (Unlocking Law). 2005 Hodder Education ARTICLES Emery (1982) 98 LQR 551 Warburton. ‘Holding of Property by Unincorporated Associations’ (1985) Conv. 318 WEBSITES Westlaw www.westlaw.co.uk Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org Research Papers on The Contract Holding Theory and Unincorporated Associations.The Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThree Concepts of PsychodynamicInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesThe Project Managment Office SystemArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Twilight of the UAWAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2Quebec and CanadaPETSTEL analysis of IndiaOpen Architechture a white paper

M Study Guide Best Books and Schedule

SAT II Biology E/M Study Guide Best Books and Schedule SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT II Biology E/M Subject Test is a good choice for students looking at medicine or who want to show off their hard science skills. But what's the best way to study for the Biology E/M Subject Tests? What are good books and study schedules? Read this guide to find out! Note: I am not affiliated with any of the book publishers below. Neither I nor PrepScholar get paid for any sales of the books below, allowing us to provide the most neutral reviews. Who Should Take the SAT Subject Tests in Biology E/M? Taking a few SAT Subject Tests is mandatory for a number of selective colleges. Colleges use these tests to see which subjects you're especially strong in. For example, if the overall message of your application is that you want to be a future doctor, being strong in biology is a very important signal to send. The Biology E/M Subject Tests are also good for someone who is usually stronger in the humanities but wants to signal their strength in a science that's not too mathy. There are two Biology Subject Tests: Biology Ecological (Biology-E) or Biology Molecular (Biology-M). According to the College Board, Biology-E "leans more toward biological communities, populations, and energy flow" while Biology-M is "geared toward biochemistry, cellular structure and processes, such as respiration and photosynthesis." Both versions are 60 minutes long, include 80 multiple-choice questions, and are scored on a scale from 200 to 800. Sixty of the test questions are identical for both versions of the exam, and the last 20 are specialized to either E or M. No calculator is allowed. As for all SAT Subject Tests, you should only take a Biology Subject Test if you know you'll do well. If you're not sure how well you'll score, take and score a practice Biology Subject Test. If you get at least a 500, you're probably in a good place to score well with some additional practice. A low Subject Test score does reflect badly on you. It shows that the biology course you're taking in school may be too easy, and you can't compete in a standardized setting. In fact, I would go as far as to say don't take a Biology Subject Test test if you can't get at least 550: even a 550 is around the worst 20th percentile. Therefore, I will only focus on two groups of scorers in this guide: those scoring from 500-650, and those scoring from 650-750 (with a bonus section for those 750 or higher!) Biology E/M Tips for Everyone To maximize your score on Biology E/M Subject Tests, know that the best time to schedule your test is right around the end of your most difficult biology course in high school. For example, if you take biology in 11th grade, and your biology finals in May or June, seriously consider the June test date. You'll have maximized your bio knowledge at that time. If you take the test too early you won't have covered some items in your course, and if you take the test too late and you'll start to forget important biology info. Also it's great to time your test near your bio finals because you can double your efficiency in studying. If you're taking biology senior year, and you've already taken a year of biology, then you won't be able to take the Subject Test at the end of the class, since the end of your senior year will be too late for colleges to see your results. The latest you should take Subject Tests is the fall of your senior year, so you'll likely have to do some independent studying to make sure you know all the necessary information for the Biology Subject Test. The best study resources for the Biology Subject Tests are official practice tests. You can purchase the Official SAT Subject Test Study Guide in Biology for about $13, which includes two complete practice tests with answer keys. We recommend everyone taking the Subject Test take at least two or three practice tests. Advice for People Scoring 500-650 As I mentioned above, 550 is around 20th percentile, and 500 is 12th. Thus, if you find yourself still not being able to score higher than 550 on your last practice test, consider taking another subject very, very seriously. You'll want to put around 20 hours into studying. Some of this can be concurrent with your bio final in school (see above). One of the best books for scorers in this range is the Princeton Review SAT II Biology E / M guide. I have many issues with the Princeton Review general SAT books, but their SAT Biology E/M book is a very quick read and can be finished in 20 hours for sure. You'll want to take a few practice tests: three would be ideal. The first one is for calibration (to see what range you're in), so you don't need to waste an official practice Subject Test on that. The second one you can take the real SAT II Biology test released for free online by the College Board. The final one, save for a couple of days before the test to perfect your timing. But again, if your score on this final practice exam isn't above 550, don't take the real test. Advice For People Scoring 650-750 Okay, You're doing better on the SAT II biology - you're clearly in the range where the Biology E/M is a good choice to send to your college (although make sure it is at least 100 points above your average general SAT score). If you're scoring on the lower end of this range, or don't want to spend much time (maybe 15 hours or less) on the study, follow the same schedule and book as above. The people remaining should be those who really want to gun towards a perfect. For you folks, I strongly recommend Barron's SAT II Biology E / M guide in addition to going through the Princeton Review guide above. Barron's was my personal favorite book in high school. It's more difficult than needed, which means if you can ace Barron's, you can ace the actual test. If you're aiming for a large gain at the high end of this range, use the Princeton Review guide as a refresher. Much of it will cover items that you know already, but there will be surprising holes it will fill. Their tests can be inaccurate for some of the more difficult problems, but you can "burn" these tests for your initial test and for some extra practice. At the 8-10 hour mark, move on to Barron's. Are You Putting in a Lot of Study Time But Not Improving? Many of the above books focus on quick summaries of biology in just a few hours. Unlike the general SAT or ACT, SAT Subject Tests are less about strategy, and actually quite a bit about knowing the content. For advancing your content understanding, there is a silver bullet, but it may be a tough bullet to swallow: Campbell Biology. This beast takes hundreds of hours to read completely, but it is known as the bible in AP Biology. Fully understanding this book qualifies you to be among the top 20 bio students in the US. It's not for the faint of heart, but if you have just a few holes to fill, this book will definitely do it. Last Notes: Scoring Above 750? Taking AP Bio? If you're scoring above a 750, know that the final few points are usually due to careless mistakes. I would use Campbell Biology to brush up on the few last topics you don't understand, and then work on avoiding careless mistakes. Don't stress over the difference between a 780 and a 800 - I know colleges don't. If you're taking AP Bio, know that the AP test is much harder than the SAT Subject Test - in the sense a 5 on the AP test means more than a near-800 on the SAT II. You may choose to take the SAT Subject Test if your AP score won't be out in time to include with your applications. In this case, study a bit ahead of the rest of the class - you get to use it on the Subject Test and it'll be useful later on! If your AP score is out in time, then the Subject Test is likely redundant - only take if you need to "burn" an SAT Subject Test requirement for college. Good luck! What's Next? Thinking about taking other SAT Subject Tests? Check out our guide to the easiest SAT Subject Tests out there! Still not sure whether you should take the Biology Subject Test? Check out this expert advice on which Subject Tests you should take based on your goals and interests. If you're taking the SAT 2 Biology- Molecular test, you'll need to be on top of your cell biology facts. Brush up on enzymes, cell theory, how the cell membrane and endoplasmic reticulum function, and the photosynthesis equation. For either test, you'll also want to know the difference between homologous and analogous structures. Choosing your subject tests also depends on your prospective colleges' requirement. Check out this guide to see the full list of schools that require SAT Subject Tests. Considering going to medical school after college? Read our guide to preparing for pre-med in high school and our list of the books you'll want to read as a pre-med student. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

Terrorist Organization Hezbollah Research Paper

Terrorist Organization Hezbollah - Research Paper Example Similar to Taliban’s rise as an extremist independent organization in the aftermath of the Afghan-Russian war of 1979, Hezbollah too falls in the same category. Taliban emerged as a confrontation group aiming to remove Russian army from invading Afghanistan, with United States and Pakistan providing full military and financial support to them. Likewise, Hezbollah emerged as a consequence of Iranian revolution to back-out Israeli army from invading Lebanon back in 1982, and being backed up heavily by Iran and Syria. The formation of Hezbollah was an asset to the Islamic world, protecting it from invasions and western imperialism. But the view of Hezbollah as a protector is not same to all. Hostility towards Israel and United States has resulted in Hezbollah being declared as a terrorist organization. Before studying the origins of Hezbollah and its future imperatives, along with its hostility towards Israel and United States, one must visually understand the strategic importance of its homeland- Lebanon. Lying in between Syria and Israel, and a gateway to major Muslim countries of the world, Lebanon has a politically strategic location. Lebanon is the center of most of the religious activities that are carried out in the world. Because of intensely political and religious dissections, the circumstances and stability of Lebanon is easy to manipulate. Also Iran’s nuclear program establishment is itself a great threat to Israel (who always has an eye to counter Iran’s powers). However Israel can benefit if it is somehow able to capture Lebanon, as that will bring them one step closer to their ultimate target, Iran. Hezbollah is the leeway of many factors. Most important of which are the religious, military and political tensions in Lebanon. The religious roots of Hezbollah state back to Shia Islamic revival during the 1960’s and 1970’s in Iraq. After returning to Lebanon in 1970’s from Iraq, Najaf educated preachers and students

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Corporate strategy(powergen case study) - Essay Example Power generation is a crucial component of a countrys economy as it affects industry and businesses to a very large extent and greatly contributes to its economic progress. In past years, electricity demand showed little growth (only 0.6% a year) during the period 1990 to 1997 in the UK and there was excess generating capacity of 11,000 MW in 1990-1991 (based on projected demand of 50,000 MW vs. 61,000 MW capacity) in the country at the time. However, electricity demand grew by healthy percentages such as the USA (projected at 30% for next 2 decades), big developing countries like India (10%), China (9%) and poorer nations possibly more. On average, global electricity generation will grow at 2.6% annually until 2030 (Economy Watch, 2010:1). Changing conditions due to the technology innovations used in generating electricity brought about industry consolidation and vertical integration of most big players. PowerGen was not so well prepared for the industry shakeup despite its size and lost market share due to its failure to acquire a regional electricity company (REC) which is a crucial component for industry players because it deals with the retailing of electricity. The electricity industry is very important to a nations growth and progress. This has a profound impact on a country by providing its citizens with the conveniences of modern life. Many nations in the poorer regions of the world such as Africa and Latin America where a big majority (4/5 of the worlds entire population) live (Hofstede, 1993:11), the tendency of most governments is to somehow price their electricity artificially low. This social pricing structure does not reflect actual or true cost. The industry was recently liberalised to allow big players to make the necessary big investments to make electricity cheaper and also improve service to consumers through healthy competition. Many external factors affect industry players like environmental

With the increase in global interconnectedness, the scope of strategic Essay

With the increase in global interconnectedness, the scope of strategic policy choices available to individual governments and the effectiveness of many traditional policy instruments tends to decline - Essay Example Various contemporary scholars from different fields of discipline support the belief that globalization is the main concept in these contemporary times. Although there is no single definition for globalization, those who support its tenets believe that as interconnectedness is advancing in most economies, national governments are also losing their relevance and their power to impact on economic outcomes. Based on such perspective, the state seems to have become a mere pawn in the globalized economy. Held and McGrew (2003, p. 13) point out that "[w]ith the increase in global interconnectedness, the scope of strategic policy choices available to individual governments and the effectiveness of many traditional policy instruments tends to decline". This paper shall discuss this statement, considering any supporting proof or evidence to this statement, and possibly discussing any claims contrasting such statement. This study is being carried out in order to establish a clear evaluation of the above statement, as a means for this student to establish a clearer and more logical assessment of the claim. A better understanding would likely provide assistance also for interest groups and other scholars in their better understanding of globalization and state roles. ... 90). They argue that the economic activities are now less under government control and the state power is withering, often giving rise to different kinds of state. These states appear to have lost their sovereignty and have stepped back on their welfare programmes and industrial policies, entering into more collective government processes (Garland, 1990, p. 449). In general, it is important to understand that â€Å"globalization, as a process, is one that rejects and obliterates boundaries† (Basu, 2008, p. 26). In order to understand globalization, it is also important to understand that globalization refers to various overlapping interactions of national economies, up to a point where the impact of the national networks declines in relation to the effect of global networks (Kaldor, 2003, p. 18). The concept of globalization therefore implies the spread of international interactions to the extent that it creates new social relations. This seems to be what most authorities beli eve when they seek to assess the impact of global economic integration (Kaldor, 2003, p. 18). III. Globalists It is important to note that the globalization discussion does point out that for the globalists and for its critics, evaluating the international activities has become the main measure of globalization (Kaldor, 2003, p. 19). However, even where globalization networks may be advancing, this would not necessarily settle the issue because it would not eliminate the possibility that the expansion and sustenance of globalized networks are based on national interactions as much as transnational networks (Mann, 1997, p. 99). In effect, supporters of globalization must confront issues being pointed out in the globalization discussion. One of these issues is on whether or not the

Historical Educational Theorists Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Historical Educational Theorists Letter - Essay Example Indeed, this is a serious concern that can affect any school system, for this reason; there are certain steps that need to be taken into consideration by your administration to restore the system to its full functioning. It is important to understand that the process of real education only happens through the stimulation process of a child’s powers, these often comes about because of social demands that the individual child finds himself in. By interacting with these societal demands, a learner is inspired to act in a way that portrays him as a member of that community. In my perspective, â€Å"I believe that in the ideal school, we have the reconciliation of the individualistic and the institutional ideals† (Dewey, 2013), therefore, you need to outline clearly these separate ideals. In this way, the learner finally graduates to become a useful and reliable member of the school and community. In my view, â€Å"I believe that the child should be stimulated and controlled in his work through the life of the community† (Dewey, 2013), and not being forced to conform to the system that is set. Therefore, what exactly needs to be done? I would prefer that you play the leading role as a leader of the institution to create an environment in which learners can know how to interact with various systems in the school. In this case, create core values that the administration and school community can uphold, they should be values that facilitate proper communication, respect, love and excellence among others. Through these needs, learners will find themselves with the urge to behave in certain ways that are in line with the core values set. Keep in mind that the school is a social community where learners, teachers and other stakeholders play a crucial role in shaping the values of a child for life. The management problems and the poor relationship that exists in your institution can be due to lack of proper awareness about the

Land, identity, and colonial dispossession Aboriginal and settler Essay

Land, identity, and colonial dispossession Aboriginal and settler relations in Australia - Essay Example The government of Australia in 1991 began the process of reconciliation so as to progressively address the legacy of colonial injustice (Green, 2011: p34). However, the framing of policy to this end has been restrictive, while the lack of a political will has also hindered any progress in reconciliation and justice for indigenous aborigines. This has resulted in tensions between the national humans right regimes and internationally acknowledged standards of human rights. Short (2003: p292) argues that there were no formal settlement or treaty involved in the colonization of Australia with the colonizers arguing that the Australian Aborigines could not sign any settlement because Australia was not occupied prior to its colonization, which has meant that Australia’s indigenous people have been subjected racism and injustice. Despite the Council of Aboriginal Reconciliation Act of 1991 that was meant to kick-start the process of reconciliation between Australian society and the indigenous Aborigines of Australia after centuries of dispossession and dispersion of the latter, there was no provision for justice for the Aborigines. This had the effect of limiting the aspirations of the indigenous Aborigines. Therefore, Short (2003: p293) claims that the Act does not seek to atone for the injustice suffered by the Aborigines and, in fact, attempt to pursue an agenda of assimilation as another phase in the process of total colonization of Australia. A s such, it is the writer’s belief that any attempt at reconciliation should seek to reflect the aspirations of the indigenous Aborigines more closely, specifically by addressing the issue of internal colonization. While the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation Act of 1991 officially seeks to enhance the relationship between Australia’s Aborigines and the former colonialists, while also enhancing understanding of the

Historical Educational Theorists Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Historical Educational Theorists Letter - Essay Example Indeed, this is a serious concern that can affect any school system, for this reason; there are certain steps that need to be taken into consideration by your administration to restore the system to its full functioning. It is important to understand that the process of real education only happens through the stimulation process of a child’s powers, these often comes about because of social demands that the individual child finds himself in. By interacting with these societal demands, a learner is inspired to act in a way that portrays him as a member of that community. In my perspective, â€Å"I believe that in the ideal school, we have the reconciliation of the individualistic and the institutional ideals† (Dewey, 2013), therefore, you need to outline clearly these separate ideals. In this way, the learner finally graduates to become a useful and reliable member of the school and community. In my view, â€Å"I believe that the child should be stimulated and controlled in his work through the life of the community† (Dewey, 2013), and not being forced to conform to the system that is set. Therefore, what exactly needs to be done? I would prefer that you play the leading role as a leader of the institution to create an environment in which learners can know how to interact with various systems in the school. In this case, create core values that the administration and school community can uphold, they should be values that facilitate proper communication, respect, love and excellence among others. Through these needs, learners will find themselves with the urge to behave in certain ways that are in line with the core values set. Keep in mind that the school is a social community where learners, teachers and other stakeholders play a crucial role in shaping the values of a child for life. The management problems and the poor relationship that exists in your institution can be due to lack of proper awareness about the

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Assignment - Essay Example Whenever a company starts the main operation in a particular region the initially grow steadily and then exponentially. However after a certain phase the company enters a stagnant phase, during this phase many companies realize the importance of approaching other geographical markets for growth. When the global recession had hit the US and Europe market many companies predominantly operating in those geographical area realized the importance of taking their products to growing market. The BRIC countries namely Brazil, Russia, India and China, have been recognized by many companies as markets which have lot of potential. Many of these countries have a substantial population of growing middle and upper middle class people. The increase in disposal income per family has made these countries, a lucrative target for many. In business globalisation denotes more market share, growth and profit making. The farther is the reach of a business the more customers and revenue it is bound to achie ve (Tandon, p.29). Technology has been an important element in facilitating the globalisation. Technological advances in Information Technology have helped companies to operate their global operations more efficiently. A company that has to set up an operation in a foreign geographical region has to initially relocate their strategic team to establish themselves in the foreign market. ... IT also enables these companies to operate globally by enabling them to handle their clients from distant location. IT companies themselves are biggest advocate of globalisation. Most IT companies work for businesses in various geographical areas growing their network globally. Technological development and advances have indeed made the world a smaller place. These technological advances make it possible for operations situated miles apart interact with each other have formal meetings within few minutes without physically relocating. Technological advancement in transportation also has made global operations easier for companies. Travelling from a location to another also has become easier for the managers. One manger is able to handle several geographical areas due to these technological advancements. Technology also helps in keeping the operations located in various locations have a common identity. One of the main aspects of globalisation has been to utlise the resources carefully and efficiently. Each geographical market has a unique resource quotient that gives a comparative advantage to that market. The companies try using these resources in such a way that maximum profit can be harnessed, this makes globalisation a rewarding option for companies also. Globalisation also enables consumers with the power to choose. The consumers are given wider option due to globalisation are in a position to demand better and efficient service (Ramos, p.1-30). One of the most complicated issues for companies opting for globalisation is planning resource management. Resource management is the back bone for any company. The operations will operate according to the plan only if the human resource planning is done in an intelligent way. Right person for the right

The Learning Sciences Design Committee Essay Example for Free

The Learning Sciences Design Committee Essay PROJECT DESCRIPTION The Learning Sciences Design Committee at a local college is researching different factors that affect the design of a new student study lounge. Before making recommendations, members will present brief reports. As a member of the committee, your research is about the role music can play in various campus environments. You fine-tune your report in Word. GETTING STARTED Download the following file from the SAM website: IL_Word2013_UD_P1a_FirstLastName_1.docx Open the file you just downloaded and save it with the name: IL_Word2013_UD_P1a_FirstLastName_2. docx Hint: If you do not see the .docx file extension in the Save file dialog box, do not type it. Word will add the file extension for you automatically. With the file IL_Word2013_UD_P1a_FirstLastName_2.docx still open, ensure that your first and last name is displayed in the footer. If the footer does not display your name, delete the file and download a new copy from the SAM website. PROJECT STEPS 1. Change the document margins to Moderate. 2. Change the Citation Bibliography Style to MLA Seventh Edition. 3. Add a header to the document using the Blank format. Insert the text Music Behavior, insert a space, then insert a page number using the Plain Number format (1st option in the Current Position gallery). 4. Move the insertion point before the word â€Å"Retailers† in the paragraph that begins â€Å"Retailers, health care professionals, and educational institutions†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , then insert a continuous section break. 5. Format the section below the heading â€Å"How music affects behavior† into two columns. (Hint: The section containing the columns should end before the â€Å"Perception of Time Spent Shopping† heading at the top of the second page.) 6. At the top of the second column of text, move the insertion point after  the period in the sentence It is worth emphasizing that†¦could prove problematic., then insert the citation shown in Figure 1 below. Figure 1: Web Citation 7. Edit the citation to add the page number 2. 8. Move the insertion point after the period in the sentence â€Å"As the following table demonstratesin a variety of settings.†, then insert a footnote with the following text: 500 students surveyed. 9. Format the table beginning with â€Å"While cooking†¦Ã¢â‚¬  using the Grid Table 6 Colorful – Accent 6 table style. 10. Select the first column in the table and center-align the text. 11. Select the table and resize it using the AutoFit Window option. 12. On page two, move the insertion point to the blank line below the heading â€Å"Perception of Time Spent Shopping†. Insert a table with 3 columns and 5 rows. 13. Type the data from Table 1 below into the table you just created. Table 1: Perception of Time Spent Shopping 14. Format the table using the Grid Table 4 – Accent 6 table style. 15. Move the insertion point to the blank line below the table on page two and insert a page break to create a new page three. 16. Move the insertion point to the top of the new page three and insert a Bibliography using the built-in Works Cited style from the Bibliography gallery. 17. Check the Spelling Grammar in the document to identify and correct any spelling errors. (Hint: You should find and correct at least 1 spelling error.) Your document should look like the Final Figure on the following pages. Save your changes, close the document, and exit Word. Follow the directions on the SAM website to submit your completed project.

Key Standards in Healthcare Informatics

Key Standards in Healthcare Informatics Sion Davoudi In healthcare, interoperability is the ability of different information technology systems and software applications to communicate, exchange data, and use the information that has been exchanged (What is Interoperability?, 2017). This necessary communication between systems can be achieved if consistent standards are used, and both syntactic and semantic meaning of information are defined in clear terms. When standards are consistent and implementable, they not only reduce the risks and timelines of health technologies, but also drive down costs significantly. According to Bender and Satripi (2013), the economic cost benefit of interoperability of healthcare information systems in the USA alone has been estimated at $77.8B (Bender Satripi, 2013). One relatively new standard that has been established seeks to solve these risks and realize these cost saving potentials. FHIR (Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources) is a next generation framework created by the Health Level Seven International (HL7) organization. It combines the best features of HL7s v2 and v3 product lines while leveraging the latest web standards (Introducing HL7 FHIR, 2017). Although it closely resembles its predecessors, FHIR comes as a huge departure from previous messaging standards such as HL7 v2 and v3. FHIR was developed through an incremental and iterative approach, which allows it to reflect the contemporary standards of medical practice. The development process ensured that FHIR could adequately handle complex systems, with excellent usability that made it fit for use in the current healthcare contexts. Additionally, the system extensively uses open internet sources, making it both cheap and highly adaptable. HL7 v2 on the other hand, was not scalable and did not support jurisdictional information systems (Bender Satripi, 2013). Furthermore, it did not provide any support for any global enterprise identifiers, which made interoperability extremely difficult. The next iteration, HL7 v3 introduced the HL7 Development Framework, and used the Reference Information Model. Although it was considered an improvement over its older counterpart, the stan dard was not directly implementable and required substantial effort to generate executable software systems (Bender Satripi, 2013). FHIR supports both XML and JSON for data representation and sharing. According to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), XML is a set of rules, guidelines, and conventions for designing text formats for data, in a way that produces files that are easy to generate and read, that are unambiguous, and that avoid common pitfalls, such as lack of extensibility, and platform-dependency (XML in 10 points, 2017). In essence, XML is used when data is required to be share from one system to another. An example of XML code used for identification and definition of a medication is illustrated in Appendix A. Furthermore, for simplification, Appendix B illustrates how text input Hello HINF 6355! would appear in XML. FHIR in general is suitable for many times of data and contexts including mobile phone apps, cloud communications, EHR-based data sharing, and more (Introducing HL7 FHIR, 2017). While FHIR shows great promise to become a widely implemented standard, there are some criticisms of FHIR. Since FHIR creates a resource oriented environment, the implementation of its basic systems is relatively simple. However, constructing collections and interoperability relationships using base resources comes with very little guidance. The standards also use the base CRUD operations, but beyond that, there is little support for dynamic behavior (Bender Satripi, 2013). This may become a huge problem area to ensure interoperability, which is its primary task. Limitations aside, FHIR is gaining momentum and can become a widely implemented standard in coming years. Appendix A Appendix B References Bender, D., Sartipi, K. (2013, June). HL7 FHIR: An Agile and RESTful approach to healthcare information exchange. In Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Symposium on Computer-Based Medical Systems (pp. 326-331). IEEE. Introducing HL7 FHIR. (2017). HL7.org. Retrieved 13 January 2017, from https://www.hl7.org/fhir/summary.html What is Interoperability?. (2017). HIMSS. Retrieved 13 January 2017, from http://www.himss.org/library/interoperability-standards/what-is-interoperability XML in 10 points. (2017). W3.org. Retrieved 13 January 2017, from https://www.w3.org/XML/1999/XML-in-10-points-19990327

Le Faux Mirror: A Profile of René Magritte Essay -- Rene Magritte Pape

Le Faux Mirror: A Profile of Renà © Magritte I was a child and she was a child in this kingdom by the sea and this maiden she lived with no other thought than to love and be loved by me* (Poe 1) â€Å"Si vous aimez l’amour, vous aimerez le Surrealisme!,† She screams as he slams the door (Mundy 4). His eyes are like nails in the rain. He steps onto the street— the cobbled street. She presses her lips to the window— the waiting window. As he runs away his militant frame, once emboldened in comparison to her tiny fragility, sinks into a comforting smallness. He is gone. How small he looks now that he has not listened to her. How logical he seems. She is glad that he is no longer a man, but the memory of an umbrella. There is no way she will capture him again. She knows that he no longer sees her face in every song, but a whiteness, like a bed sheet, that covers everything. Her body is water. Her features are obstructed. She finds pleasure in drowning. She wants to scream. As she breathes through the glass, watching him run, these words are in her mind: â€Å"You suicide me, so obediently. /I shall die you however one day. /I shall know that ideal woman /and slowly I shall snow on her mouth† (Matthews 61). Why does she love him? Qu’est-ce que? What is it? She sees him as a man, yet she knows that the future will remember him as an artist. How will he capture them? Of which facets of his art will they philosophize rapturously? Will it be the way his clean and vivid images seal themselves into the mind in a manner that is almost mathematical? Is it the subconscious sense of eroticism that manages to pervade all of his work even through the innocent ... ...dgar Allen Poe. French Translations: â€Å"Si vous†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬â€If you love love, you’ll love Surrealism! â€Å"Qu’est-ce..†Ã¢â‚¬â€What is it? â€Å"Qu-est-ce†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 69) —What is Surrealism? â€Å"Grelots Roses!†Ã¢â‚¬â€Pink Bells (A painting by Magritte) â€Å"dans les yeux†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Ã¢â‚¬â€In the darkest eyes the brightest eyes enclose themselves. Works Cited Gohr, Siegfried. Magritte.San Francisco: The Museum of Modern Art. Abrams, 2000. Hammacher, Abraham Marie. Renà © Magritte. Trans. James Brockway. New York: Abrams, 1995. Mundy, Jennifer, ed. Surrealism: Desire Unbound.Princeton, New Jersey. Princeton UP, 2001. Poe, Edgar Allen. â€Å"Annabelle Lee.† Romantic-Lyrics.com, 2003. http://www.romantic-lyrics.com/pa12.shtml. Soby, James Thrall. Renà © Magritte.New York: The Museum of Modern Art. Doubleday, 1965. Valery, Paul. Little Blue Light, 2003. http://www.littlebluelight.com/lblphp/quotes.php?name=Valery

Sir Gawain - An Ideal Symbol of Chivalry Essay -- Sir Gawain and the G

Sir Gawain - An Ideal Symbol of Chivalry The chivalric code is a very complex, and perhaps somewhat foreign concept to a modern person. There are many rules and taboos that a knight must obey. Indeed, the very concepts of honor, love, and humility have been raised to the highest conceivable power, making it almost impossible for a mortal to become a true, perfect knight. Sir Gawain, in the passage [Norton, 1535-1622] of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, proves himself to be an ideal symbol of chivalry. One of the symbols of knighthood is a lady of knight's heart; knight's behavior with ladies is important in general, and Sir Gawain behaves as a true knight with the hostess of the castle. Another important side of being a knight includes the skill of carving an animal, and that is also described in the passage. One aspect of being a knight is choosing a lady of his heart. The knight is supposed to perform noble tasks in her honor, thus glorifying her name. Love is knight's inspiration for all of his actions, and when he thinks he has done enough glorious deeds, he comes back to his lady. If his lady is kind enough, she will marry him, unless she is already married. In the passage, the host's wife tries to seduce Sir Gawain. However, she is not the lady of his dreams, and since Sir Gawain follows the principle -- "to remember a knight is to reflect goodness in everything he does, for that is what makes a knight honorable, " he politely turns her offer down. It is possible that Sir Gawain refuses hostess' charms because he is afraid of her husband; however, with the whole story evolving around Sir Gawain's nobility, it is highly unlikely that this is a reason for him. Sir Gawain does this in a way that does not make the ... ... are riveting in their strict observance. The chivalric code is full of rules for the knight's conduct in any situation, one example of which is hunting and carving animals. There is, however, one central idea that every knight is a servant; a knight is the one who does only good in the name of love and never brings dishonor to anyone. In this second test, Sir Gawain proves to be a true knight when he is tempted by the hostess of the Green Castle. So far nothing can turn him from his path, for he is a true knight. SOURCES Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Norton Anthology of English Literature. Ed. M.H.Abrams, et.al. Volume 1. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1993. 200-254. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Ed. J.R.R.Tolkien, E.V. Gordon. Oxford: Clarendon Press. 1967. Online. Internet. Available HTTP: http://www.hti.umich.edu/english/mideng/index.html

That the environmental quality improves the further away from the CBD you go

That the environmental quality improves the further away from the CBD you go. Figure 6 shows how many penalty points each area scored for environmental quality. The Bewdley Road area had a good environmental quality; there was little noise, traffic or vandalism and easy access to the shops and schools. However because it is a terraced area there is very little open space or grassy area. Also across the road from the terraces there are several industrial premises as shown in Figure .All the residential squares scored between 6-15 points, which is good. Barnetts lane has an excellent environmental quality. The roads are lined with trees and grassed areas, the area is clean of undue noise or traffic and there is no sign of vandalism. There was a school in my study area, which showed the close proximity between the residential areas and the school. As you can see from the photos in Figures 30-33 the houses are part of the nice environment. Only one square gets any penalty points. Spennels as you would expect from an upmarket modern estate has an excellent environmental quality and gets absolutely no penalty points. The landscape is clean and well kept and there are plenty of grasses areas for recreational use or otherwise. The estate is self-contained with shops and a school shown in figures 16 and 17. In the corner of my study area there was a nature reserve that demonstrates the high quality environment in that area. Birchen coppice is not up to the standards of Spennels. The open spaces and grassed areas aren't as well kept and there are signs of litter and vandalism. There are shops and a school within the estate but nevertheless most of the area still scores 10 points from a possible 65, which isn't good for a residential area. This could be explained by the fact that it is an older council estate that isn't as well looked after and is also showing signs of ageing. This does support my hypothesis as the environmental quality does improve further away from the CBD, especially between Bewdley road and Spennels. I believe there is a link between environmental quality and age. More modern areas have been built to provide better environmental conditions so that people want to live there because otherwise nobody would want to live in a town now that there is good transport available to the masses. Older areas were built purely to house as many people as possible to work in their factories in the knowledge that people had to live there or they couldn't get to work. Hypothesis 2 That size and physical condition improve the further away from the CBD. The Bewdley road area was closest to the CBD and it also had the smallest buildings. It is all small terraced housing from the Victorian period. Many of the houses have been done up as development projects so they have a good physical condition. However due to the age of the buildings they aren't perfect and score between 5-8 points in the residential areas. The Barnetts lane area has larger semi-detached and detached houses in excellent physical condition. From the photos it is clear that the people who live here are prepared to spend a lot of money to maintain the physical condition of their properties. Spennels also has many large semi-detached and detached houses in excellent physical condition. The physical condition of the houses is very good as all the houses are modern and built to a high standard. The photos in Figures 14 and 15 show the range of houses on the estate and their high quality. Again no points are scored. However Birchen coppice wasn't in as good physical condition as Barnetts lane or Spennels. Again this can be explained by the fact that it is a council estate that was built a couple of decades ago and is quite old. It has an average score of 5 points for physical condition which isn't that bad. These results show the link between distance from the CBD and size effectively and support my hypothesis. There is also a general trend in the improvement of physical condition but it isn't as clearly defined as my other conclusions. There is also an obvious link between age and physical condition and that more modern buildings are in better physical condition. Hypothesis 3 That the CBD contains mainly commercial buildings. This is shown to be true in Figure 4, which clearly shows the dominant commercial sector. Figure 13 shows that 63% of the area is commercial. The other 37% is used for public buildings such as the town hall and doctors surgeries, open space for parking and there is currently a large area, almost 13%, which is vacant land being developed. This land is also being developed into more commercial properties including a large supermarket shown in Figure 40. Before the redevelopment there were large carpet factories on the land, almost in the very centre of the town, and this shows the shift in land use from industrial manufacturing to commercial. This demonstrates the successful redevelopment of brown field sites in favour of out of town green field sites. The vacant land isn't being turned into residential properties because it is too valuable as commercial land which companies will pay larger sums for. There is very little other vacant land in the centre for development so it is very sou ght after. My hypothesis is proved to be true. This is because commercial properties need to be in the centre of a settlement so their range and threshold is maximized and they have the largest possible sphere of influence. The constant flow of traffic around the centre and large numbers of pedestrians provide the huge potential markets that the commercial companies need to survive. Hypothesis 4 That the age of the buildings will decrease the further away from the CBD. The age of the buildings is not as clearly defined in figure 5 as I would have liked. The photos show the difference in age more clearly and it is obvious from them how much the ages vary. In the photos of Bewdley road there are plaques on which you can dates of when they were built, the house in the photo being 1986. These houses were all built in the Victorian era probably to house the workers that worked at the many carpet factories. The next furthest from the CBD is Barnetts lane which has a range of ages. Most are built inter-war or just after the Second World War. However there are also several very modern buildings from the nineties shown in Figure 33. Birchen coppice is a relatively old council estate built in the mid sixties. The photo in Figure 18 shows the basic semi detached houses typical of sixties estates. However it is far from the CBD. This could be explained by when it was built it may have been an out of town estate which has been amalgamated into the town as it has grown. Spennels is a modern estate built in the late eighties. The photos show the modern designs and styles and how similar they are across the range of properties. Today the estate is still growing slowly outwards. These results, except for Birchen coppice, support my hypothesis. Another possible explanation for the variation could be that Kidderminster spread faster southeastwards than southwestwards. Conclusion I believe that Kidderminster fits the nuclei model best, as there are distinctive land uses in small areas such as residential in the estates and industrial at Oldington. Kidderminster also takes ideas from the sector model in that it has residential and industrial sectors. However no town or city can exactly fit any model exactly, as they are just there to help us understand the world, not provide a definitive explanation. Models cannot account for every different physical factor of every different settlement. Land use in Kidderminster is changing drastically at the moment and there is huge urban redevelopment. Tesco and B&Q have both knocked down old industrial buildings and built huge superstores, as shown in Figures 38-41. Also a large commercial estate outside the CBD has been built which will draw people away from the CBD to shop in these larger developments. This shows how towns cannot possibly fit a model. Urban land use is a continuous process and I believe that Kidderminster is currently in a transition period from the old industrial past to the new commercial future.

“Queen of the Nile” in Jeopardy

â€Å"Queen of the Nile† does not literally mean a woman in a throne; nevertheless, one could imagine it as such since it is a well-known hotel and casino which caters a variety of people. The said hotel is known to be owned by DWI and its operations are supervised by the mentioned company. It is located on the Mississippi River waterfront in New Orleans where it attracts visitors and even locals. The Egyptian themed hotel’s customers are usually of Middle Eastern or Northern African nationals. Recently, there has been an increase in anti-Arab sentiments that have demonstrated violence and terrorism to voice out their emotions. The Queen of the Nile hotel and casino is not an exception to this malady. The management of the said hotel has currently received terrorism and violent threats and has essentially, suffered losses due to snipers. The management of the hotel and DWI is now in a very tight situation since the threats have been continuously arriving. The people concerned should act immediately or else the Queen of the Nile will be â€Å"enthroned†. Legal Implications The hotel management is now faced with the legal issues the situation may bring. The anti-Arab sentiments group wanted the management to restrict the hotel’s customers to anyone except Arab or Arab-American visitors. Essentially, this is in violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 where the act grants everyone equal rights to services without discrimination on the ground of national origin (Civil Rights Act of 1964). In addition, the Arab and Arab-American customers have asserted that if the hotel does prohibit the entry of the said nationals, they will boycott DWI products and services. Moreover, if the management will file a case regarding the issue, they will probably be denied the exception of the 1964 Act as in the case of two previous lawsuits. First, the Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. who appealed that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was unconstitutional, lost their lawsuit (Atlanta vs. U.S. et.al.). In this case, the hotel refuses Negro customers and was declared in violation of the act. The same happened with the case of Katzenbach vs. McClung, where Ollie’s Barbecue limited their dine-in services to white customers. Although in this case, the court first ruled in favor of the business establishment, then the appeal of the other party was welcomed and the judgment was reversed. This might also happen to Queen of the Nile. And truly, the prohibition of customers from a particular nationality which is a form of discrimination is an obvious violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Ethical Implications Ethical issues also arise with the situation at hand. As has been reported, a few guests and employees have already become victims of this violence and terrorism. As long as the safety of the employees and guests is concerned, the management is formally responsible and should have an assurance that security is on top priority. It is true that the hotel has already increased its security measures, however, it is also exhibited that these efforts are ineffective. The business’s stability; therefore is in jeopardy until such situation has been put under control. The security of the building is also in danger. Facilities and the architecture may be damaged if terrorist acts continue to rain on the hotel’s management. Damage of buildings and other facilities may result to a significant loss for the hotel. Moreover, due to the threats encountered by the hotel management, peace and order in the vicinity where the hotel is located is disrupted. This is a very delicate issue on ethics since the residents around the hotel might propose the closure of the hotel which can be the worst that it can get. Conclusion Let’s analyze the situation the Queen of the Nile is encountering at present. The anti-Arab groups wanted them to reject Arab customers with the threat that if they do not do so, violence will befall them. On the other hand, if they give in to this blackmail, the Arab-American Community will boycott their products and services. The management can try to reject the Arab customers and the voilence will surely cease. However, the people may sue the hotel management and plea for a violation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. If this is the decision the management will venture in, then, they should be prepared legally. And I think, they have a good chance to win the case. That is, if they plead that they do not have a choice but to conform to the blackmail since if they don’t, peace and order, security and safety of the employees and customers will be compromised. Unlike the previous cases, the management of the Queen of the Nile is faced with terrorism threats which is somehow, a form of disruption of commerce. If the hotel will appeal to the court justice to attack the Civil Rights Act, surely, they will lose, nevertheless, the hotel may appeal to have an exemption to the rule since the issue was not actually a personal matter but rather a security matter where the safety of the customers is in jeopardy. This is the plan I recommended the management to undertake. References FindLaw for Legal Professionals. 1964, 14 December. Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. vs. United States et.al.Retrieved April 22, 2008, from http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?navby=case&court=US&vol=379&page=241 FindLaw for Legal Professionals. 1964, 14 December. Katzenbach vs. McClung. Retrieved Aprill 22, 2008 from http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/scripts/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=379&invol=294 U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. 1997, 15 January. Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Retrieved Aprill 22, 2008 from http://www.eeoc.gov/policy/vii.html            

Implications of ignored behavioral problems Assignment

Implications of ignored behavioral problems - Assignment Example Teachers get frustrated when all their teaching efforts get countered by these ignored, unsolved behavioral problems. In some extreme cases some teachers simply lose interest in making things right. This occurs as a result of lose of morale, and gets depicted by the quality of teaching services offered which is likely to be poor. They often fail to take an interest in the character details of their students. Before one knows it, the students’ unruly behavior has spiraled out of control. Problematic character is not conducive in any educational setting and hinders effective learning and teaching (Jenson, 2002). Both teachers and parents are charged with the responsibility of guiding students’ behavior. When in school, teachers get expected to outline to the students what gets viewed as appropriate and inappropriate character. However, when the students are at home, their parents get expected to maintain the same standards of behavior upheld in the schools. Persistent behavioral problems create tension between teachers, parents and the administration. The blame game that is usually involved is the manifestation of the tension. Tension between education stakeholders also affects the education environment (Jenson, 2002). Ignoring behavioral problems will more often than not lead to the progression into fully blown negative traits that inform moral decadence (Jenson, 2002). A look into the character of people who get considered as harmful to society usually reveals traces of behavioral problems in early life stages that went

Safety and Health Issues in the Hospital Laboratory Essay

Safety and Health Issues in the Hospital Laboratory - Essay Example This is what occupational health and safety is all about; protecting the workers from the possible health and security hazards in the work place. Basically, occupational health and safety is an interdisciplinary field which is concerned with the protection of the safety, welfare and the health of the people in work or employment environment. Primarily, the workers are the one who are protected but as a secondary effect, the co-workers, family members, customers, suppliers, surrounding community and the general public that may be affected by the work environment have also to be protected. This paper seeks to highlight health and safety at the work place by considering a case study of a hospital laboratory. It will consider the possible health and safety hazards in the hospital laboratory and how they can easily be managed. Occupational health and safety is not a new idea because since 1950, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Labour Organization (ILO) jointly sought to define the concept. The paraphrased joint definition requires that occupational health aims at maintenance of the physical, social and mental wellbeing of all the workers in their workplace (Ladou, 2006). It should also prevent all the safety and health hazards caused by the working conditions thereby protecting the health and physical safety of the workers in a particular working environment. Finally, the practice of occupational safety health and safety also ensures the assignment and maintenance of workers in environment which is in tandem with both their psychological and physiological capacities and thereby adapting the worker to his job and vice versa. Having seen the three major concerns of the practice of occupational health and safety, we shall basically focus on the role of prevention of the safety and health hazards that are caused by the working conditions (Roughton, 2002). In this case, the work environment being considered is the hospital laboratory. 3.0 The Case Study The hospital laboratory is a very important part in the hospital system that helps in the diagnostic function of the system. The laboratory either confirms diagnosis or provides information that helps in the diagnostic process. In the laboratory, the tests that are carried out are aimed at establishing the cause of the observed disease symptoms. The test is often carried out on body fluids and/or wastes such as urine, faeces, blood, sputum, saliva, etc. All these fluids are very potent media for pathogens and other micro organisms that cause diseases in the human body. The test in the

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) - CAM Therapies Assignment - 2

Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) - CAM Therapies - Assignment Example The authors of the article document the profiles of most likely candidates for complimentary alternative medicine (CAM). This paper uses the authors’ context to discuss the reasons why some people opt for CAM, the demographic that is most susceptible to CAM, and how the article has contributed to the study of CAM practices in terms of benefits and distractions of its modality. Individuals select complimentary alternative medicine (CAM) for three major reasons when compared to the traditional allopathic methods of healing. Primarily, individuals who do not go for checkups or attend conventional medical facilities for medical care develop a tendency to seek alternative medicine. For instance, the study depicts that about 19.3% of the population did not seek conventional medical care in a 12-month period. Another reason why some people prefer complimentary alternative medicine (CAM) to conventional medicine is that such individuals have more health problems. The study reveals that 14.7 million people with more health problems could not seek conventional care due to cost and non-cost factors. Perhaps such individuals think that contemporary alternative medicine is more convenient and affordable when compared to the conventional medicine. In as much as education and gender appeared to be the key predisposing factors, enabling factors such as insurance coverage and poverty status did not directly associate individuals to complimentary alternative medicine (CAM). Huge disparities exist in the demographics and profile of the individuals who are prone to complimentary alternative medicine. Approximately 19% of people who did not seek conventional care over the past one years of the study were highly likely to opt for complimentary alternative medicine (CAM). Of these, 38.4% had some health needs with others harboring acute cases. Primarily, 25% of the people who did not use conventional care sought complimentary alternative care. It implies that most of the