Emergency Responses in Case of a Catastrophe Free Essay Example, 1000 words

A public health officer is responsible for giving information during emergencies. The public health personnel provides to the public and collaborating agencies accurate information as to how the calamity has affected the region and the necessary emergency measures that have already been taken to bring the situation under control. He/ she is also responsible for organizing and integrating a team that aims at rescuing and preventing further damage and deaths of people and domestic animals by the calamity. The chain of command is as follows. At the topmost is the disaster commander who is in charge and responsible for the whole situation. Immediately under the disaster commander are the public information officer and liaison officers. The public information officer should understand the principles of risks in communication. He/she is responsible for giving accurate public health information to the public and collaborating agencies. His/her role is to ensure that the message is consistent. The liaison officer, on the other hand, serves as a point of contact for supporting agencies and answering their questions and providing briefings whenever necessary. The officer also prevents the agencies from being bombarded with questions and requests. The next level includes the operations chief officer whose main work is to develop and implement strategies and tactics with the aim of carrying out incident objectives. We will write a custom essay sample on Emergency Responses in Case of a Catastrophe or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now He is responsible for organizing tactic resources and ensuring that there is good communication with the people delivering the resources. The planning chief officer also falls in this level and he/she is responsible for gathering, analyzing, and disseminating information. The personnel are responsible for compiling an incident action plan and focusing on what might come next within the incident. The personnel should possess qualities of good written and communication skills. Within the same level, the logistics chief officer is responsible for acquiring space and supplying the equipment necessary for the incident. He/she should be fast, accurate, and precise.

In A Postmodern Industrialized Nation Like The United States

In a postmodern industrialized nation like the United States of America, it is crucial to the operation of our society, that we continue to promote the kind of personal freedom and individual success that has been fundamental for advancing our society in the past. This means that as far as the U.S. citizen is concerned, everyone should be given the opportunity to educate themselves and improve their social and economic position to the best of their ability. As Americans, we should have the right to make our own personal contribution to our society. This is the fabric that holds our nation together. It has been woven historically into our culture, and is what constitutes the American dream. Inscribed at the base of the Statue of†¦show more content†¦Specific social institutions like our education system, the economy, and politics, work in collaboration with one another to first and foremost empower individual success stories so that our society can them profit from their comb ined contributions. The largest of all the social institutions in America is, of course, the American Education System. The education system in our country functions by providing our population with the important knowledge and basic facts about the world in which they live. Our education system also passes on the cultural norms and values that will allow people to become responsible members of our society. And finally, perhaps the greatest need that education fulfills is the discovering, developing, and sustaining of the human resources that our society must have to function effectively. For such a sophisticated society as ours to continue to function productively, there must be a readily available supple of competent and adequately skilled individuals to work in many different occupations. Schooling within our education system fulfills this requirement for human capital by providing people with the specialized training and skills they need to be productive and to be able to perform the duties of their occupations. Schooling helps to build the careers that are the backbone of the economy in our country. It is this way that the cultural ideals of personal freedom and equal opportunity are the catalysts that fuel theShow MoreRelatedThe Effect of Cultural and Historical Situations on American Literature 1173 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussed in this paper. The first era we will be reviewing will be writings from 1865-1914. The Civil War was just ending in 1865. America lost over a half of million Americans in the war. The nation was in a state of disorder and the south was devastated. Nevertheless, the country prospered. America became industrialized and saw innovations such as the railroads, telegraph, telephone, and electricity. Population increased due to immigration. Between the years of 1865 and 1914, American literature wasRead MoreThe Influence of History on American Literature Essay1546 Words   |  7 Pageswritings from 1865-1914. The Civil War was just ending in 1865. America lost over a half of million Americans in the war. The nation was in a state of disorder and the south was devastated. Nevertheless, the country prospered. America became industrialized and saw innovations such as; the railroads, telegraph, telephone, and electricity. The population of the United States had also started to increase due to immigration. Between the years of 1865 and 1914, American literature was mainly comprisedRead MorePostmodernisms Effect on Marriage and Family1835 Words   |  8 Pagesspecifically, the cultural and spatial elements of these different times (Lemert, 2010). The postmodern age is considered the information age, or even, the technological age. Both of these are evident through the changes that have occurred within the typical marriage and family. One of the main emphases of postmodernism is that no real truth exists, demonstrating the grand narrative. The grand narrative states that the â€Å"truth† is invented for the sole purpose of selling things. This is clearly shownRead More Japanese Animation and Identity Essay3705 Words   |  15 PagesAnother problem is what Said calls â€Å"a triumph of Orientalism† (323) today, the major source of which is no longer Britain or France, but the United States, the democratically totalizing economy power. It means cultural domination on the one hand (â€Å"Orientals† educated in the United States repeat the Orientalist clichà ©), and economic absorption of poor nations on the other (consumerism in the Orient). A simple example Said takes up is â€Å"the paradox of an Arab regarding himself as an ‘Arab’ of the sortRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution: The Beginnings of the Modern Era Essay1948 Words   |  8 Pages Many historical events can be linked to the beginning of the â€Å"modern era,† but no development continues to impact and shape the contemporary world like the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution affected nations everywhere and ultimately created the world as we know it today. As Peter Stearns said, â€Å"Industrialization was the most fundamental force in world history in both the nineteenth and the twentieth centuries, and it continues to powerfully shape the twenty-first† (1). 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Like all good textbooks, the book is accessible, well researched and readers are encouraged to view chapters as a starting point for getting to grips with the fiel d of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provideRead MoreHealth Care Policy10795 Words   |  44 Pages will be without health care insurance because coverage will be too expensive (CQ Health beat News, 2005). The United States spends more money on health care than other industrialized nations but is the only one that doesn’t ensure health care coverage for all citizens. Every year, approximately 18,000 unnecessary deaths occur because of health insurance lacking in the United States, (Institute of Medicine [IOM], 2002). Proponents of universal health care coverage say this problem is fixable butRead MoreSocial Policy, Social Welfare, and the Welfare State11346 Words   |  46 Pagesand the welfare state John Baldock    Contents ââ€"   ââ€"   ââ€"   Introduction Learning outcomes Social policy Deï ¬ ning social policy in terms of types of expenditure Analysing social policy Social policy as intentions and objectives Redistribution The management of risk Social inclusion Social policy as administrative and ï ¬ nancial arrangements Social policy as social administration Social policy as public ï ¬ nance Social policy as outcomes Social welfare The welfare state Deï ¬ ning the welfare state Comparing typesRead More Bigger Thomas, of Native Son and Tupac Shakur Essay6110 Words   |  25 Pagessuggesting that Bigger was a very sterotypical black character, poor, afraid, full of angst, and without a release for his mounting frustrations, quick to lash out violently at both blacks and whites. I will then show how modern day gangster rappers like Tupac Shakur and Biggie Smalls continue to reinforce this ï ¿ ½myth,ï ¿ ½ whether consciously or unconsciously, drawing from it in efforts to define themselves, and discuss how the p ropagation of this myth impacts the African American youths who see the choices

Communication Skills A New International Approach

Question: Task 1 REPORT [30 Marks] Part A Conflict Summary Write a factual conflict summary describing a significant conflict situation in which you have participated. The conflict must be an interpersonal or intergroup conflict. You must have had some connection to the conflict either as a direct participant or as someone drawn into the conflict by a participant. An internal conflict or a conflict that you merely observed others having is NOT ACCEPTABLE as a subject for this assignment. If you write on such a conflict your assignment will not be graded. This summary is to be no more than 600 words long. Students are to address the following questions: What happened in the conflict and how did it escalate? Why did the conflict start or escalate? What was your role in the conflict? What attempts were made to resolve the conflict? What was the outcome, and why did the steps taken produce the outcome? What did this experience teach you about conflict? Answer: Part A Conflict Summary Overview I am a social worker in a charitable institution functioning for the different types of disabled persons. The individuals working in the professional or social group hold a common perseverance to resolve the different patterns of challenges met by the participants while experiencing a collective set of hurdles in the journey of life. The objectives and targets of performances in the process of actions are usually monitored by distinctive set of ideologies that reflect the status of interpersonal relations or communications. The outcome of the deeds stand on the platform of mutual dependency in the course of decision making steps to handle the situations arising amid conflicts of opinions. What happened in the conflict and how did it escalate? The interactive configurations and moods of some workers are precisely impolite and unusual that hurt the sentiments of others. There were some spiritually retarded and physically defied people who failed to properly describe their thoughts while conversing with the social workers. The understanding of uttered language proved to be vital issue to advance towards conflicts and misapprehension of attitudes that rose higher. Why did the conflict start or escalate? The stated expression of the language of the physique and mental states fluctuates from each creature to other but we must attempt to be familiar with it. (McGee, 2009). The discrepancies arose out of confrontations while exchanging the values and principles of thoughts and emotions within the members and professional personnel of the association. The interactive consequences are substantial in founding a near attachment amid the staffs, amongst the populaces and supervisors as also within the users of the home. What was your role in the conflict? There are more or less unsolicited elders other than kids and youngsters with health intricacies who want special courtesy and precaution. The requirements and expectations of the members are quite imperative to be contented through operative communication. The assortment and possibility of choices created misperception for them to highpoint their views when placed in interface with distinct sets of persons though they were hypothetical to give response to the views on identical subject matter and other related topics on behavioral studies. What attempts were made to resolve the conflict? The persons were asked to balance among the diverse principles and opinions on specific theme and interconnect efficiently to prompt the thoughts that are fretful to them. They normally struggled for upholding symmetry when there happened to be the conflicts in demonstrating the facts showing dissention. This appeared to be a quite productive method to create the stability of decision and create set of scales between dissimilar ideas to view on any choice. What was the outcome, and why did the steps taken produce the outcome? The philosophy has a flared effect upon the cerebral frame of manhood and reinforces the perception of shared appreciation (Burke et al. 2011). The concept aids to comprehend the mind-set of the people which has been extensively acknowledged by numerous persons. The concept does not trail any condition that reflects the individuals to be operational decision fabricators. The aptitude to differentiate between conflicting thoughts and dodge the opposing incitements in some circumstances sounds precisely negative to mature the traits of temperament of the entities. There are definite feeble opinions that define disadvantages of behavioural make-up. What did this experience teach you about conflict? The performance of a specific person creates emotional awareness amid other individuals who interrelate with concern being with deference to social vicissitudes that touch each section of communal life. The glitches of persons are tinted with several occurrences of conflicts and they seem to be uncovered to deal with dissimilar circumstances to express themselves and proceed with further pronouncements that ensemble their drive. Part B The ethics and social norms of the civilization shaped a practical impression upon the inhabitants of the association that visit here for suitable sustenance and attention. There are people with therapeutic, nourishing, expressive, instructive, corporeal neglects who wanted appropriate management and guidance to emerge out of opposing circumstances. It is the accountability of workforces to highlight the act of inadvertence of convinced rubrics and purpose that brands certain fences of discernment among dissimilar mentalities of persons. The principled standards of civilisation have delivered enormous help and provision to experience research effort amid different enquiries of disparity and deindustrialization in the middle of the communal sets of folks existing here. The custom of communication means to serve social advancement that create conductive atmosphere, risk calculations and investigation of evidences constructed on annotations (Healy, 2011). This encourages material exchan ges to transport a maintainable upgradation of communication systems including facts of movement of data and edification, better-quality of behavioral designs, social enlistment, and the alignment of media, communal modification and contribution of persons in communal development. All this proposes social renovation and preferment of approaches and verbal alteration. The idea of strength for protection and provision is altering. We have persons with manifold and multifaceted requests and with advanced prospects of wellbeing, precaution and support we may be able to and must offer. Transporting all methods of cooperating services assist us to relate with individuals in production of choices roughly regarding their healthiness and care, and auspiciously penetrate encouraging role of prolonging provision. There are consequential expansion of original and inventive skills with responsible attitudes to transmit the current of communication. The staffs are trained to demonstrate superior access to usage of knowledge to involve in explicit and multi-disciplinary collaboration (OCathain, 2009). They are betrothed in a diversity of backgrounds to ease the socio-economic setting of better demand for maintenance and assistance. The operating members always endeavour to provide brilliant processes of communication policies to progress the inward potentialities of manipulators of the group. The process elaborate head-on questions, operational inquiries of the individuals and common mass media, electronic message and mailing examinations of the civic communities, cardinal supplements through Facebook, twitter and comprehensive packages. There are irresistible responses and reactions of the persons who had heaps of queries concerning the nature of facility and effort of values within the unit (McGee, 2009). The excellence of swapping of views and thoughts has enhanced to guarantee better conducts of the circumstances of existing standard and emotional health. There are succeeding records for the maintenance, capability, communiqu skills, bravery and promises to get-up-and-go in advance with the inspirational spirit and self-assurance in articulating innermost personality. The workers are persuaded to collaborate among them and feel the essence of self-governance to successfully establish their linguistic skills through vigorous contribution in various deliberations. There are convinced zones of concentrating thoughts such as- Helping the general population to stay free with most extreme push to advance prosperity issues and enhancing a definitive aftermath Directing of wellbeing related matters, Working with individuals to impact a beneficial outcome of the energizing background of quality included administrations, Conveying brilliant care and measuring the effect of welfare exercises and sustenance of consideration, Building and reinforcing administration qualities, Guaranteeing the accessibility of the required staff, right usage of abilities at opportune place and time Giving adequate backing to the experience of representatives in positive heading (Kriebelet al. 2011). Along these lines, there happens to be the implementation of created abilities as wellbeing advancing steps initiated by the laborers, with legitimate associations with the individual concerned demonstrating the characteristics of delicate consideration and connection to them. The backing and regard for their necessities are likewise profited by the mediation of expert contact of group administrations who are intrigued to render financial and innovation arranged administrations. There are productive ways to deal with illuminate the difficulties of dementia and different issue concerning physical and cerebral components of the influenced individuals. The medicinal services staff are slanted to advance the mental soundness and quality to test the dangers of life expectancy so that the persons may themselves attempt to confront the troubles strikingly with no gloom. They are trained to settle on right choices on different clashes of issues (Casteldine, 2009). It gives assurance to all individuals, uniformity of chance, equivalent access to vocation in regards to private and open administrations independent of sex, religion, inability, marriage, common organization and so forth. The administrative purveyors and the businesses are qualified for the set up to bring sensible changes in accordance with battle against specific hindrances of incapacity (Bartenet al. 2009). The hierarchical policies are skilfully handled and secured by the approved staffs that are in charge of legitimate execution and usage. Each part including the inhabitants of the unit is treated as specific persons and unique individual consideration is managed to take care of them. None can disregard the folks who visit here for exceptional consideration and treatment. They have the equivalent right of each chance to battle against racial and sexual orientation and segregation. The foundations of the staff and association all in all incorporate limited time exercises for the upgradation of the position of the people as viable individuals from the present day feelings of humanity (Glasby, 2012). They have the privilege to unveil their expectations and wishes to legitimately show their abilities. The characteristic possibilities of the targets are promptly perceived and sustained with most extreme consideration and their information and records are all around secured and oversaw. The distortion of data created because of misconception is kept away from unique arrangements of dialect. The general population are directed with assistance of technology unpremeditated by varying media supplies to amend their issues and disparities (Mays and Lurie, 2009). The technique of Dissonance theory of cognizance demonstrates to be very important in sympathetic consideration of an individual and generating self-awareness. The emotional balance is recovered by resources of actual skills of message that circles the stage to distinguish each other while interacting closely to found the grounds of self-recognition. The defeat of self-awareness and inventive spirit degrades the person to be downhearted and dishonoured. The self-worth is moulded from the sense of open communication with relaxed conversation to disclose thoughts to fill in the breaches of mutual sympathy. The unconventionality of ideas and autonomy of hallucination takes a fellow to the voyage of upliftment (OCathain, 2009). There are laidback phases of progression towards a reliable and regular prospect. The confidences and ends are efficiently satisfied and correctly maintained. The associates of the unit disclose discrete physiognomies of customary actions that would definitely req uire time to correct. Amendment of self-adjusting abilities and response to the behavior of other individuals is not that stress-free to acclimatise. They must be accomplished and sustained to formulise operative running of the concentration and change to customise confirmatory ideas. The philosophy has productive influence upon the attentions of the handlers and the staffs who work at this place for the improvement of inter-personal relation and implement significant tools of service to the benefits of civilisation. Examination of Cognitive Dissonance Philosophy: It is quite stimulating occupation for treating the elements of tangibly and rationally retarded folks suffering from dementia, adulthood hitches and fitness complications. These persons agonise from life-threatening downheartedness, mirages, false philosophies, belligerence, and intellectual let-downs (Geiger and Salas-Lopez, 2010). They are constantly worried and uncertain about more or less disputes or the contradictory sentiments. The communication snags are resolved by remaining calm, attending to them, and philanthropic declaration of retrieval from inconvenience, answering softly, scrutinising their perception and assortment in addition to positioning the assistances appropriate for them. The range of small but humble decrees and generate welcoming relations that curtails several worries. Our sense of duty do not provide extension to arguments while consuming conferences, in detail illuminating our opinions and designs are the foremost standards to have respectable understandi ng (Casteldine, 2009). Each of the persons can effectively take an interest in examinations to the common issue, listen to predominate issues with more noteworthy consideration, and attempt criticism techniques to break down the downsides of the strategies actualized by the staff. We can enhance the supervision of experience by prime examinations of behavioral studies including the treasured ones to correct the current methods and enhance the specialized particulars. The criticism of the persons with admiration to the demeanour of dissimilar inhabitants of the entity and the individuals from the connotation can push us to gather more knowledge and continue as essential. The social connection of the persons with the system of different associations can urge them to push forward strikingly to confront the difficulties of physically and rationally hindered tolerant. References Barten, F., Fustukian, S. De Haan, S. (2009) The Occupational Health Needs of Workers: A New International Approach. Social Justice, 23 Burke, R. J., Cooper, C. L. Clarke, S. (2011) Occupational Health and Safety, 2nd ed. England: Gower Publishing, Ltd. Casteldine, G. (2009) The value of generalist nursing domain, British journal of nursing, vol. 5(18), pg.1146 Davis, L, Souza, K. (2009) Integrating occupational health with mainstream public health in Massachusetts: an approach to intervention. Public Health Rep. 124(1):5-14. Geiger, J. F. Salas-Lopez, D. (2010) Developing a culturally competent health network: a planning framework and guide. Journal of Healthcare Management, 55, 190-204; discussion 204-245 Mays, G. P. Lurie, N. (2009) Applying health services research to public health practice: an emerging priority. Health Survey Research, 44:1775-1787 McGee, P. (2009) Advanced practice in nursing and allied health professions, wiley Blackwell, UK, pg.18. OCathain, A. (2009) Mixed methods research in health sciences. A quiet revolution, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 3 (1) 3-6 Saunila, M., Pekkola, S., Juhani U. (2014) 'The Relationship Between Innovation Capability And Performance'. Int J Productivity and Perf Mgmt 63(2), pp. 234-249 Simpson, C. Edward T. (2011) 'Learning Conversations As Reflective Practice'. Reflective Practice 12(4), pp. 469-480.

English Language in Terms of Etymology

Question: Discuss about the English Language in Terms of Etymology. Answer: Introduction The etymology of names refers to the study of the origin and literal meaning of names (Berlitz, n.d.). It is the study of the history and origin of words. Notably, new words enter the language on a daily basis and they stop to be used. Some of the main sources of new words are word creation or neologism, acronyms, derivation, eponyms, compounding, inheritance, shortening, blending, and borrowing. Etymologists usually apply the techniques of comparative linguistics to reconstruct information about languages that are too ancient for any direct information to be available. In the area of higher learning such as physical sciences, life sciences, social sciences, medicine and law, English has usually borrowed words from other languages to get new words to cover new ideas, new material, or abstract occurrence. The language has also borrowed mainly from Greek, French, and Latin (Barnhart, 1995). In this paper, we are going to look at the history of both the English language and the Tamil la nguage, where comparisons will be made. History Tamil is a Dravidian language which is predominantly spoken by the Tamil communities of Sri Lanka, india, and the Tamil diaspora constituting Burghers, Chindians, and Tamil Lankan Moors (Bodmer, n.d.). Tamil is used as one of the languages of education in Malaysia along with the English language, Mandarin, and Malay. It is also considered to be one of the longest surviving classical languages in the world. The closest key relative of Tamil is Malayalam. These two languages began diverging around the 9th Century CE and even though many of the distinctions between Malayalam and Tamil indicate a prehistoric division of the western dialect, the process of division into a distinct language, Malayalam, was not finished until the 14th Century (Asimov, n.d.). Similar to any existing language, Tamil has evolved too. As is spoken and written today, Tamil language is quite distinct from what it originally was. The fact that logical classification of society and habitats in a systematic manner were recorded at a very early age in the grammatical treatise Tolkappiyam, is an indication of the organized way in which the Tamil language has evolved. This is a textbook on Tamil grammar providing the inflection of syntax of sentences and words, and is also categorized into three main chapters namely etymology, orthography, and subject matter or Porul (Ayers, n.d.). The 300 years after the Sangam era witnessed an increase in the shared interaction of Tamil and Sanskrit, various words and ideas relating to religion, philosophy, and ethics were equally exchanged and borrowed between the languages. On the other hand, English is a West Germanic language that has its origins from Anglo-Frisian dialects brought to the United Kingdom in the course of the 5th and 7th Centuries (Baugh, n.d.). The closest living relatives of English are Frisian and Scots. Frisian is a language that is spoken by an estimated half a million individuals in the Dutch province of Friesland, in neighboring regions of Germany and on a few islands in the North Sea (Berlitz, n.d.). Over the years, the English language has greatly been influenced by various other languages. Notably, before the Saxons, the language spoken in what is now England was a combination of many Celtic languages and Latin which were spoken before the Romans settled in England between 54BC and 5BC. Many of the words passed on from this period are those coined by Roman soldiers and merchants such as win (wine), belt (belt), weall (wall), and candel (candle) (Barnhart, 1995). The ancient Germanic language evolved into three main parts namely North Germanic, East Germanic, and West Germanic. While the East Germanic languages have disappeared, the northern ones exist today as Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic and Swedish (Bodmer, n.d.). The West Germanic languages exist today as Dutch and their variants, German, and English. Notably, modern English framer is very distinct from modern German grammar. This is because initially, it was transformed by Norse-speaking invaders in the 9th and 10th Centuries, then by Norman-French speaking invaders in the 11th Century, then by researchers and antiquarians in the 16th and 17th Centuries, and finally by the Internet, globalization, and new ideas of power in the 20th Century (Asimov, n.d.). Comparison There exist English words that have been borrowed ultimately or directly from Dravidian languages constituting Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, and Kannada (Ayers, n.d.). The words have also been borrowed from various other languages spoken mainly in South Asia. Although some of the words can be traced to particular languages, others tend to have uncertain or disputed origins. Three origins of words that will be compared between the two languages are candy, congree, and godown. The word Godown which is also synonym to warehouse is English from Malay which may have been borrowed from Telugu, angi, or Tamil ki-anku (Baugh, n.d.). This word is a common term in various parts of India and was often utilized in 19th Century Hong Kong. Congee which means rice porridge or water with rice in English has an uncertain origin. However, it is assumed to be from Tamil, Kannada or Telugu. The earliest reference to congee that was found dates back to the Han Dynasty and further back to about 1,000 BC. In other Asian cultures, congee is also referred to as kanji. On the other hand, Candy which is crystallized sugar or confection made from sugar is a Dravidian word which stems from the Sanskrit root word Khanda (Berlitz, n.d.). This is a relatively novel word in the way it is used today. The word has its origins from Proto-Dravidian words Kantu meaning sweet, and Kattu meaning lump and harden (Barnhart, 1995). Notably, the word Candy found its way into the English language in the course of the 15th Century. Additionally, sugar candy was borrowed from the French and Italian from the Arabic word sukkar quandi. Sukkar originated from the Sanskrit word Sarkara meaning granular particles, gravel, or grit but also came to mean crystalline sugar (Bodmer, n.d.). Conclusion The answers to questions such as why there are so many distinct languages lie in the study of etymology which is concerned with the origins of words and how the spellings, sounds, and meanings have evolved over time. References Asimov, I. (n.d.). Words from the myths. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company. Ayers, D.M. (n.d.). English words from Latin and Greek elements. 2nd Edition. Tucson, Arizona: The University of Arizona Press. Barnhart, R.J. (1995). Dictionary of etymology: The origins of American English words. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. Baugh, A.C.A. (n.d.). A history of the English language. 2nd Edition. London: Routledge. Berlitz, C. (n.d.). Native tongues. New York: Grosset Dunlap Publishers. Bodmer, F. (n.d.). The loom of language. New York: W.W. Norton Company, Inc.

A&P By John Updike Essays - John Updike, AP,

A&P by John Updike I think that in A&P the author describes how life was decades ago and how it seems to me how life should be today, with out the arguments over petty situations. I think that the story line of As come back every year to spend there summer days in the sun playing on the beach or in the ocean, where mothers can send there kids to the store barefoot and not have to worry about strange people kidnapping them. Where customers have been coming for years and are treated with the respect you would treat someone in your own family. Sammys role in this story seems to be a strange one. He seems to be a teenager yet somehow attracted physically to adolescent girls. He seemed to be in a ways stalking the girls and making sexual notations towards them. Of course I am sure that three girls walking into a grocery store in nothing but bathing suits is not normal but considering the size and type of town I think that it is acceptable. This strikes me in a bad way because first of all its not normal to see little kids in anyway but little kids who like having a good time. Secondly, why would you quit your job in front of little kids to try and impress them or maybe make them feel better that someone was on there side because of the incident that the check out line and Mr. Lengal. It seems so childish how people make a big deal out of something that is so tiny that people often forget what they are arguing about when it really comes down to it.

Orchestrate and Crescendo

Orchestrate and Crescendo Orchestrate and Crescendo Orchestrate and Crescendo By Guest Author This is a guest post by Don Lee. If you want to write for Daily Writing Tips check the guidelines here. When I write about classical music for a general audience, I try to reassure readers, if only implicitly, that they don’t have to understand specialized music terms in order to enjoy the music itself. Where writers are concerned, I expect more. Although I’m glad to see writers borrow expressions that can resonate beyond classical music, a misunderstanding can lead to writing that’s slightly out of tune. Among the music terms that can be especially troublesome is crescendo. For example, take this metaphorical use in a recent wire service story: Klug, meanwhile, is making his third Olympics- a string that began when snowboarding was introduced in 1998 and reached its crescendo on a sunsplashed day in Park City, Utah, eight years ago. Here’s the problem: a crescendo is not a destination; it’s the process of getting there. It does not mean â€Å"loud†; a crescendo marks a passage that is â€Å"growing louder.† A musician (or snowboarder) reaching a crescendo is only at the beginning of the climb to the top. It’s trickier to explain misunderstandings of another troublesome term, orchestrate. In the original sense, orchestration is the actby composer or arrangerof assigning the multiple lines in a composition to the various instruments of the orchestra. This design gives a piece its sonic â€Å"color.† More often we see orchestrate used in a metaphorical sense, as expressed in the secondary definition from The American Heritage Dictionary: To arrange or control the elements of, as to achieve a desired overall effect:  orchestrated a successful political campaign. When you’re looking for a word that packs more potency than â€Å"coordinate,† â€Å"orchestrate† can be an effective choice. But be careful not to add too much baggage. President Obama[‘s]†¦ allies are moaning about ‘orchestrated’ protests at health care town halls that target Democratic lawmakers back home for summer break. Here, â€Å"orchestration† becomes a synonym for â€Å"artifice†; the act begins to sound slightly devious. Those town hall protests didn’t grow spontaneously out of grass roots outrage; they were (gasp) orchestrated! In the following headlines, all found on the web, the practice becomes downright conspiratorial: Did the USA Orchestrate the Mammoth Asian Tsunami? Did the Illuminati Orchestrate 9/11? Did Barney Frank Orchestrate the Bank Meltdown? Did British Intelligence Orchestrate Princess Dianas Death? Did Britney Spears’ Manager Orchestrate Breakdown? Now imagine a headline like this: Did Saint-Saà «ns Orchestrate â€Å"Carnival of the Animals† Intending Double Basses to Evoke Lumbering Elephants? You bet he did- as you probably can tell even if you don’t know the piece. No hidden agenda there. While it’s not as easy to notice the orchestrator’s hand in most other compositions, that doesn’t make the effort deceitful. Yet somehow the conspiracy theorists (and their co-conspirators) have distorted the term to the point where â€Å"orchestration† sounds like the work of a conniving puppet master, rather than an artful alignment of varying elements. Poet Sidney Lanier famously described music as â€Å"love in search of a word.† When writers are at their best, words can return the favor. Don Lee, an independent media producer, editor and consultant, is former executive producer of the public radio music program Performance Today. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Inquire vs Enquire50 Types of PropagandaEbook, eBook, ebook or e-book?

Neanderthal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Neanderthal - Essay Example They also used arrow and spear to capture animal for food. Neanderthals used to hunt in small groups through surrounding the intended prey. During that time, they had the capacity of identifying the best animal for their consumption. They substantiated the meat they hunted with other natural roots and leaves. Women and other weaker members of the society also used to gather fruits to be consumed together with the hunted meats (Mason 78). Neanderthals make stone tools. However, this was during their old period of their emergence. Some of the stone tools made were used for slaughtering animals, digging, construction of their dwelling areas, and for other house hold activities. Stone tools were made by qualified member of the society. These specialists were among the most respected members of the society. As time move on, Neanderthals adopted other forms of tools. They came up with other tools which were more appropriate at that time. Some of the common tools at that time were stone flakes and all-purpose scrappers. These tools were used for all purpose of work in the society. During the upper Paleolithic, more tools were made from different materials and in different forms. The need for more specialist and tools for specific purpose necessitated the process. Craftsmen at this time also had specialist knowledge to make special tools from different materials. Some of the material which was used to make tools was bones, antlers, and some other right metals (McMullin 89). Neanderthal also used fire in their daily activities. At their early periods of their existence, Neanderthals were not aware of the existence of fire. They consumed raw meats, leaves and fruits. However, during their advanced ages of their existence, they developed the idea of the existence and use of fire. Neanderthals used fire in different facets of their lives. During this stage, they used fire to roast meat. They also used fire to warm their bodies at night and during cold seasons.

ITEC640 - IT PM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ITEC640 - IT PM - Essay Example Since it is a software house, their technical staff is considered to be their asset who is responsible for making good quality products for their clients. Therefore, it makes sense to give the project manager full command over the projects as he is technically sound and has the required skills to make best possible decisions. The organization under discussion hires technical people on the basis of their skills and then assigns them positions in the most appropriate ‘Product Team’. Every product has its own respective team and ‘Team Lead’. These team members are entirely responsible for this one product and are involved in its development, deployment, support etc. The ‘Team Lead’ will be managing and leading the projects in which his team members will be involved. This enables the technical staff to gain expertise in their product and induces product loyalty to a great extent. Whenever the company gets a new project, a new project team is made (which is discussed in more detail later in the report). There is another type of structure that prevails in many organizations. At times, the formal structure is not sufficient to get work done quickly. In such situations, informal structure and reporting comes in play. Informal communication tends to ignore the complex chain of command and jump starts stalled activities. It helps in meeting deadlines exceptionally well. Informal structure promotes communication among the employees and management, integration, flexibility etc. Some degree of informal reporting is also present in the company under discussion. The members of different product team have informal brainstorming sessions for most efficient solutions to problems. Marchewka (2009) stated that power in the organization is not always governed by the hierarchy but by the degree of connectedness with the colleagues. Informal communication between the employees also

Assessment Activity Week 7 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Assessment Activity Week 7 - Essay Example TQM will be introduced through continuous improvement which will eventually reduce costs, enhance customer service and reduce waste. The first step is to empower the employees by allowing them to design efficient procedures and control quality service. A feedback mechanism should be in place to determine whether this initial idea is effective and if it resulted in positive reactions from customers. After that, another pilot idea will be introduced to them such as regular meetings with quality circles to discuss how to improve performance. To test the success of the TQM through the introduction of pilot ideas, management should make a survey among its clients and ask them if indeed service has improved. The employees will also be asked their opinions on the changes introduced. Another method for dealing with change is to respond constructively to failure. Responding to failure is very critical for a leader. The leader must learn from the experience of failure. He should gain knowledge , wisdom and understanding from it. A leader must be able to share this experience with his subordinates because they too can learn from it. For example, I am the head of the franchising division of a fast food chain and I assigned employee A to look for a possible site for expansion. After a thorough research, employee A came up with a site and we built on the site.

The Importance Of Taiwan To Us China Relations Politics Essay

The Importance Of Taiwan To Us China Relations Politics Essay Does Taiwan Matter? An Analysis of the Strategic Importance of Taiwan to the U.S.-China Relations. à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Abstractà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœThere is no doubt that the relations between Peoples Republic of China and the United States is crucial to the world. In economic aspect, China and America are so intertwined that their symbiotic relationship is described as Chimerica; however divergence always emerges between the two on political issues, in particular, the Taiwan issue. This essay analyses the strategic importance of Taiwan to the Sino-U.S. relations by answering the question- what role Taiwan plays in the relations of the PRC and U.S.? and the essay covers four points: 1) Taiwan issue is at the core of this bilateral relations, 2) it is an intractable issue, 3) it is also a contentious and most potentially dangerous issue, 4) but it is not always the most important one troubling the two countries at ALL times since common economic interests between the three still exist. à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Key Wordsà £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœTaiwan; China; the United States; strategic importance; U.S.-China relations; Taiwan issue; the rise of China INTRODUCTION There is no doubt that the relations between China (PRC)the largest developing country and the United Statesthe largest developed country is crucial to the world. In economic aspect, China and America are so intertwined that their symbiotic relationship is described as Chimerica; however divergence always emerge between the two on political issues, in particular, the Taiwan issue. On January 29, the U.S. pass of a $6.4 billion weapons sale to Taiwan followed Chinas furious response froze the bilateral relations. Does Taiwan matter? Of course, it does and it is the core issue in the Sino-U.S. relations. What role Taiwan plays and how it influences the two countries relations? This essay will assess Taiwans strategic importance to the U.S.-China Relations by answering those questions. WHAT ROLE TAIWAN PLAYS IN THE U.S.-CHINA RELATIONS? Assessing Taiwans Strategic Importance to the U.S.-China Relations Taiwan matters a lot to both China and the United States who have common interests but also divergence. In this part, the author analyses three roles it plays in the two countries bilateral relations. It is one of the core issues in the U.S.-China relations Taiwan issue could not be avoid or overlooked as it is the central question in almost every meeting between Chinese and American officials, in every academic gathering that includes Chinese scholars, and in many private conversations with Chinese visitors to the United States (Halloran,2003). Why both countries attach so much importance on this issue? This section offers some explanations of why Taiwan issue lies at the core of the U.S.-China relations from the perspectives of both the PRC and the U.S.. à ¢- The PRC: Taiwan question touches the core interests of China The PRC never ceases its effort to reunify with Taiwan which is regarded by mainlanders as part of their sovereign territory. Following four factors amplify why Taiwan has such a strong hold on the Chinese leaderships psyche. Taiwans historic importance and Chinese nationalism Taiwan is the island off mainland Chinas southeastern coast and was long a backwater of the Chinese empire for over a thousand years before it was colonized by Japan in 1894. When Japan surrendered in 1945, the Republic of China (ROC) acquired sovereignty over Taiwan under Cairo Declaration. Although recently, the advocates of Taiwan independence claim that the Cairo Declaration was not a legal document, and Taiwan has not been officially returned to the ROC, it is neither a part of Japan nor China, most Chinese elites still believe it is a province of China even after the Chinese Communist Party seized power and Kuomintang retreated to Taiwan in 1949. Moreover, some Chinese scholars who place great emphasis on history as a barometer for Chinas future think the reunification of Taiwana former colonial possession and a relic of the Cold Waris the strong demand of the whole Chinese nation (Thompson and Zhu, 2004). Chinese scholar Chen (2002) also notes that it is hard for Americans, wh o have a shorter history than China, to appreciate its {Taiwan} importance to the Chinese people. The view that taking Taiwan which is the last vestige of the humiliation by Japan and the West during the colonial period would complete the trilogy after China has reclaimed Hong Kong and Macau in 1997 and 1999 respectively is widely shared among Chinese mainlanders (Halloran, 2003; Business Monitor, 2010). And some mainlanders even see continued arms sales to Taiwan by the United States as an example of foreign powers trying to hinder Chinas rise as they did before. Taiwans political importance to the mainland Due to a large majority of the Chinese people hope to reunify the motherland, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) does not have any route of retreat regarding the Taiwan issue. The CCP has placed Taiwan issue at a high place on its agenda, linking the Partys success or failure to reunification. As Thompson and Zhu (2004) have noticed no Chinese leadership group can afford to be the one who lost Taiwan since Taiwan problem could potentially disrupt the first peaceful, institutionalized transfer of power in China. Furthermore, the loss of Taiwan could spur dissent in other provinces with separatist tendencies, such as Xinjiang and Tibet. Thompson and Zhu further argue that losing Taiwan could upset the regional long-term plans for incremental integration that have been relatively successful to date and foreign influence in Taiwan also sets a dangerous precedent for Xinjiang and Tibet. Additionally, Taiwan issue could exacerbate domestic social and political tensions, as some analysts bel ieve that CCP plays up the Taiwan issue to divert attention from Chinas political struggles and social instability such as the corruption and unemployment (Halloran, 2003). In essence, Taiwan could become an excuse for dissidents and activists in China to oppose the ruling Communist Party. Economic significance of the island Absorbing Taiwans vibrant economy and technological prowess, especially in electronics, would be a plus for the Chinese economy (Halloran, 2003). China has already benefited from Taiwanese investment and trade, and the economic ties between the two are strengthened: since the mid-1980s, Taiwan companies have come to regard the mainland as their key lower-cost production platform and a potential market; for the PRC, Taiwan companies bring capital and management experience and create a lot of jobs. According to Taiwans Ministry of Economic Affairs, more than three-quarters of Taiwans companies have an investment on the mainland, reaching $60 billion in more than 50,000 ventures (Bush, 2002). The islands geo-strategic importance According to Halloran (2003), Chinese leaders see Taiwan as a crucial link in a chain of the U.S. containment that begins in South Korea and Japan and runs south through Taiwan to the Philippines, Thailand, and Australia, nations with which the United States has security treaties. If Beijing seeks to break that chain and to project power into the Pacific, controlling Taiwan would be the best way. A similar view is shared by Thompson and Zhu (2004), as they believe that Beijing worries about the U.S.s intention of integrating Taiwan into a de facto alliance with Japan and South Korea to contain its rising power in Asia since Taiwan could be used as a perfect foreign military base. Furthermore, China has become increasingly dependent on energy resources in the Middle East. In this case, a hostile or even independent Taiwan has the ability to cut off Chinese energy supply lines, and that also worries Chinese leaders. à ¢- U.S.: Taiwan is important to maintain its hegemony in Asia Since the PRC puts Taiwan issue at such a high position, the United States could never ignore its importance when interacts with China. More importantly, the U.S. attaches great importance to Taiwan because the island could help to maintain its hegemony in this region. According to a RAND (2001) report, the U.S.s pivotal long-term objective to East Asia is to prevent a worsening of the security situation in this region. Central to this objective is to preclude the rise of a regional or continental hegemon that could challenge the U.S.the current hegemon of East Asia (Khalilzad et al., 2001; Bush, 2005:255). At the moment, no nation in Asia is close to becoming a regional or continental hegemon as the U.S., but there do exist some potential rivals that could challenge the U.S.s dominance and China is number one on the list. And the Taiwan issue which not only could be a tool to contain China but also could be a bomb to harm the regions stability attracts much of the U.S. attention. In this section, Taiwans strategic importance to America will be further analyzed from three perspectives: Taiwans geo-strategic importance to the U.S. Taiwans geo-strategic importance lies in maintaining American hegemony in East Asia. Early in mid-1850s, on his way to Japan, Commodore of the U.S. Navy-Matthew C. Perry anchored off in Formosa, to investigate the potential of mining the coal deposits in that area. Later he emphasized in his reports that Formosa provided a convenient mid-way trade location and it was also very defensible providing a good base for exploration for America. Though his suggestion was declined by the president, his point of view that occupying Formosa, controlling Asia was inherited by generations of policymakers in the U.S. (Zhao, 1997; Zhou, 1995). In the East Asian security context, Taiwan becomes the focal point of clashing strategic interests between the United States and some East Asian countries. Its geo-strategic significance arises from its lying astride the Western Pacific sea lanes of communication (SLOCs) which run from the Straits of Malacca to Japan, South Korea and eastwards, and its being adjacent to the Taiwan Strait which connects the South China Sea to East China Sea in the northeast(Kapila,2006). Taiwan therefore commands the East Asia waterways and also the Chinese domestic waterway linking South China Sea to East China Sea. These waterways are the most strategic waterways in the world and witnessed competing strategic interests of super powers like U.S., Japan and former Soviet Union (Kapila, 2006). If Taiwan were under Beijings control, these transportation routes would become vulnerable to be interrupted by China (Tucker, 2002). In precise, occupation of Taiwan means control of the northern entrance of the South China Sea. Then, the large part of the South China Sea would become a kind of Chinas inner water, and which particularly worries the U.S. ally-Japan who sees the SLOCs as its lifelines. Also, as for China who once lacked deep waters on its East China Sea coastline where its important naval bases are located, it could utilize Taiwanese ports for submarines to operate freely throughout the Western Pacific after controlling the island (Okazaki, 2003). Furthermore, as for the United States who once views Taiwan as its unsinkable aircraft carrier off the coast of China (Taiwan along with Japan and the Philippines provides the outer shield of defense of mainland for the U.S.), the control of Taiwan by China seriously influences its military capability in East Asia (Kapila, 2 006). In a word, Taiwans geo-strategic location offers United States and Japan an option to block China at its gates. As Taiwans President Chen Shui-bian once declared: Taiwan is the key locking in Chinas military and preventing any westward expansion. So as U.S. ambassador to China James R. Lilley has noted that Taiwan is the cork in Chinas bottle (Tucker, 2002). 2) Taiwans political significance On one hand, after years of political reform and democratization, Taiwan has shifted from hard authoritarian regime (since 1949) to soft authoritarian regime (since 1970s) and finally to a democracy (since late 1980s) (Halbeisen and Ferdinand, 1996). And as a vibrant democracy, in Kapila (2006)s view, Taiwan is a powerful alternative model to the Communist political model of mainland China, and a beacon and reminder of democracy for the over one billion Chinese on the mainland. Some American scholars, such as Bush (2005:246), point out that the islands democratization in the late 1980s and early 1990s closed the gap between congressional liberals and conservatives in the U.S. over islands political system and thus created a broad and sympathetic coalition. Thus as an established democracy, Taiwan gains the U.S. congresss support as Americans feel that they must support democratic nations or it would severely undermine the U.S. position as a defender of democracy if it failed to save democratic Taiwan from the invasion of authoritarian China(Bush,2005:246). On the other hand, if PRC controlled Taiwan, a significant change of international relations might take place in Pacific regime. Under Okazaki (2003)s hypothesis, there would be important political impact of PRCs annexation of Taiwan on Southeast Asian countries who have vital interest in the South China Sea. Okazaki further argues that the entire control of the regional nations outlet to the sea would be one of Chinas useful tools of finlandizing these nations. There still exists a more important question: the overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia are now divided into pro-Beijing, pro-Taiwan, and neutral groups. Chinas control of Taiwan would make this division which is utilized by some Southeast Asian governments to govern the oversea Chinese disappear. Also in his point of view, finlandization of Southeast Asian nations by China will undermine not only Japans vital interests, but also the U.S.s. The economic importance of Taiwan For one thing, Taiwan is one of the major buyers of the U.S. arms. Under a 1979 treaty in which the U.S. switched recognition of China to Beijing from Taipei, Washington is obliged to sell the island defensive weaponry and Beijing gets furious every time the U.S. president passed the arms sales to Taiwan. One current issue mentioned at the beginning of this essay is the announcement of the $6.4 billion U.S. arms sales package to Taiwan by president Obama and it marks a low point of the Sino-US relations(Cooke, 2010). According to a congressional report this year, the value of deliveries of U.S. defense articles and services to Taiwan totaled $3.7 billion in the 2001-2004 period and $3.9 billion in 2005-2008. Among customers worldwide, Taiwan ranked 3rd (behind Egypt and Saudi Arabia) in 2001-2004 and 4th (behind Israel, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia) in 2005-2008. In 2008 alone, Taiwan had agreements for arms purchases that totaled $1.3 billion from the U.S. (Kan, 2010). For another, Taiwanthe major producer of electrical requirements and information products in the worldis one of the major suppliers of the U.S. IT industry. If China tried to control Taiwan by force, for the Western companies that have built their fortunes on the mainland or in Taiwan, the damage would be a direct hit to the global economy and the Digital Age (Einhorn et al., 2005). To conclude this part, as for the PRC, Taiwan holds historic importance, both stemming from the civil war and the legacy of foreign intervention. Chinese leaders see bringing Taiwan into the PRC as a crucial step in strengthening the Chinese Communist Partys leadership in China and establishing Chinese influence over East Asia and in driving the United States from the Western Pacific. In addition, Taiwan has economic importance as it could be a plus for the Chinese economy, and it holds strategic importance, straddling sea lanes and potentially serving as a base for foreign military forces. As for the U.S., from an optimistic perspective, Taiwan could be a partner in the engagement of China and foster China to play a modest role in shaping a new structure in East Asia. If, on the other hand, the more negative scenario takes hold, the Taiwan Strait issue likely becomes the main arena for the contest between the U.S. and China for supremacy in Asia. Therefore, the U.S. also attaches gr eat importance on Taiwan. It is one of the most difficult issues to solve in the U.S.-China relations The Taiwan problem has been existing since the founding of the PRC, and it has always been the single most important and sensitive issue at the core of China-U.S. relations and it will still be one of the most intractable issues in the bilateral relations. The reasons for this can be perceived in three factors: firstly, the PRC will never cease the effort to reunify Taiwan since it is its core interest as mentioned in last section. The pass of the Anti-Secession Law in 2005 shows Beijings resolution; but, secondly, as for Taiwan, a sense of Taiwanese identity or Taiwanese nationalism is increasing among new generations, which might result in a strong demand for independence; lastly, the U.S.s strategic ambiguity which turned out to be quite successful in maintaining the stability of the Taiwan Strait for the most part of last century, has become the major cause of some Taiwan leaders aggressive actions that threaten the peace of the region. The following section will focus on the las t two factors: à ¢- Taiwans rising Taiwanese nationalism After more than half a century of self rule and democratic evolution, popular support for political reunification among the islanders is declining, and the proportion of Taiwan residents who think of themselves as Taiwanese (not Chinese) is increasing. Copper (1999:116) explains this phenomenon by saying that, in the twentieth century, Taiwan was part of China for only four years therefore in terms of its economy, society and political system, the gap is growing larger [and] divergenceis the trend. Rigger (2006:4, 57) calls this phenomenon the rise of Taiwanese nationalism which means the islanders lose of their sense of connection to mainland China and their growing tendency to identify Taiwan as their homeland.And this is assumed to be particularly common among young Taiwanese. Some current surveys on Taiwanese nationalism also indicate that there is a rising proportion (nine out of ten) of Taiwan residents who call themselves Taiwanese as opposed to Chinese. However two decades ag o, surveys show that an overwhelming majority of Taiwan residents called themselves Chinese, while this percentage fell sharply during the 1990s (Rigger,2006:4,6). Because Taiwan is a democracy, the profound shift in public opinion on the island of 23million could seriously influence the decision of its government. Therefore, a more assertive posture of its authorityeven a declaration of independenceif that is what the voters demanded could be possible. For example, Taiwans former President Chen Shui-bians Democratic Progressive Party has long advocated Taiwans independence. Even the pro-unification Kuomintang has muted at that point since it could not resist the opinion of the majority Taiwan residents; it began to regard independence as one of the possible future for Taiwan. And Taiwanese nationalism has become the focus of so much anxiety in Beijing and Washington because for Beijing, it means its reunification course is more difficult; and as for Washington, the more provocative actions of Taiwan seriously challenge the relatively stable status quo of Taiwan Strait. à ¢- U.S.s strategic ambiguity Strategic ambiguity marked American policy which is intended to keep Beijing and Taipei guessing about how the United States would respond to hostilities across the Taiwan Strait (Halloran, 2003). The essence of this concept is that the U.S. does not state explicitly whether it will come to Taiwans defense in the event of an attack by the PRC. The uncertainty about U.S. intentions shapes the intentions of the other two actors: it constraints China from making an unprovoked attack by raising the possibility that Washington will intervene, and it constrains Taiwan from taking provocative steps by suggesting that Washington would not intervene (Bush,2005:256;257). However, ambiguity was sometimes a tool for ensuring dual deterrence but sometimes an obstacle. As Yang (2004) has stated that the self-contradictory U.S. dual policy is the major cause of Chen Shui-bian and his aggressive action of pushing Taiwan farther and farther to independence during the Bush administration. Two reasons may explain the adoption of this strategic ambiguity policy by the U.S.: first is the contending views in the U.S. toward China. As stated by Halloran (2004), there are four schools among U.S. decision makers: panda huggers who assert that America must accommodate Chinas emerging power, even at the expense of Taiwans freedom; entrepreneurs, who pursue the age-old dream of selling toothbrushes to 1.2 billion Chinese and most of who are care little about what happens to Taiwan; balancers who say the United States should engage and deter China at the same time and Taiwans fate is to be determined by the Taiwanese; and demonizers who demand that China be confronted at every turn. Therefore, when refer to the rise of China; there are contending views in the United States. On one hand, panda huggers have hoped sincerely that through economic interdependence and political engagement, the PRC will become a great power that accumulates national power not for its own sake but to us e it, as the United States does, to preserve international peace and security. On the other hand, there is a growing concern in the United States represented by those balancers and demonizers (some also call them the blue team(Jia, 2008)), that China is accumulating power, including military power, not to serve an internationalist agenda but in order to make China the dominant power of East Asia, instead of the U.S., and a change of a hegemon may lead to regional instability. Further, a more powerful China will inevitably be more assertive about its interests regardless of whether they are compatible with those of the United States (Tucker, 2002). These different views toward China make a clear policy of the U.S. toward the Taiwan issue to be impossible. Second reason is that ambiguity could be a retreat for the U.S. to avoid a war. Layne (2001) points out that the U.S. does not actually want to get involved in a war for defending Taiwan. Because for one thing, if Washington goes to defend Taiwan and against Beijing, it almost certainly will do so alone since its European and Asian allies have no interest in picking a quarrel with China over Taiwans fate. For another, by defending Taiwan, the United States runs the risk of armed confrontation with China who holds nuclear power. And it would be, as he believes, a geopolitical act of folly for the United States to risk nuclear war with China for the purpose of defending democracy in Taiwan, which at stake simply would not justify the risks and costs of doing so. In sum, Taiwan issue typifies the complexity of Sino-U.S. relations. Because Beijing has showed its determination of taking Taiwan back; while in Taiwan, Taiwanese nationalism is rising and it seems that the island has no intention to reunify with the mainland and will not cease its effort to be independent in short-term; and some shortcomings of U.S.s strategic ambiguity policy are also emerging. All these factors demonstrate that an acceptable solution of Taiwan issue (here the author means the reunification or independence) is impossible in the short-term. 3. It is the most potentially dangerous issue in the U.S.-China relations The Taiwan issue is also the most contentious problem in the bilateral relationship. Although there are quite a few disputes between the two countriesincluding disputes on human rights, trade imbalances, currency controls and so onit seems that no dispute except the Taiwan issue is likely to lead to confrontation that may trigger a war between the two countries with nuclear powers. In retrospect, there were three Cross-Straits crises: namely, the 1955, 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis and 1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis. During those crises, intimidating military exercises such as firing missiles were conducted by the PRC, and U.S. aircraft carrier groups were dispatched to the Strait. Though every time the two governments managed to handle the crises, the Taiwan Strait crises, observed by Jia(2008:49), still highlighted the potential for military conflicts between the two countries in the future. To some extent, the Taiwan issue is just like a ticking time bomb as no one is sure when it will exp lode (Chen, 2002). Its sensitivity can be further perceived from the following three aspects: First is the increasing provocative actions of Taiwans pro-independence, and the reason for this has mentioned in last section. The Taiwan authorities began to change their previous policy stance of reunification to an independence course when Lee Teng-hui administration was in power in 1990s (Jia, 2008). Lees successor-Chen Shui-bian and his government has pursued even more aggressive policies, such as de-Sinification, the once proposed independence referendum in the 2004 presidential election as well as the planned constitutional revision before 2008 which tried to bolster Taiwans independent identity in the world(Zhang, 2008:87).These provocative actions or policies of Taiwans leadership and policy-makers come from the belief that the United States is on its side, although these policies have invited criticism from the U.S. which sees them a potentially threat to stability in the Taiwan Strait. Rigger (2006:2) points out that the U.S. policymakers are worried about the possible mi sunderstanding of Taiwans leadership toward the U.S.s intention and its negative effect that may provoke a military response from the PRC. Second is the PRCs incremental national defense spending and its growth military power which worry the U.S.. Taiwan problem generates security dilemma: infuriated by the U.S. arms sales to Taiwan and their joint military exercise and also worried by the increasing military power of the island, Chinese government decisively reprioritized national defense development and began to make effort to develop its military means in order to prevent independence by force if necessary, after the 16th Party Congress in 2002 (Yang, 2003). Since Beijing has stated its willingness to pay any price to resolve the Taiwan issue on terms favorable to Chinese interests, or at least to prevent a worsening change in the status quo, Chu and Guo (2008) suggest that the Chinese government has made preparation for conflict over Taiwan the fundamental task for military development in the early 21st century, and to this end, the government has increased national defense spending for now over five years. Some Chinese strategists suggest that China has been pursuing a systematic modernization of its strategic nuclear forces that will enhance its second-strike capability versus U.S. in the next 10 to 15 years(Zhang, 2008:98). In particular, China has had some significant breakthroughs with its nuclear modernization in recent years, include its successful tests on the sea-based JL-2 strategic missile in 2005; the 094 Class strategic submarine launched in 2004. Zhang (2008:98) mentioned in his article that this new strategic weapon system will increase the number of warheads capable of striking the U.S.A. from the current 20 to 30 to a much higher level. Whats more, in recent Chinese discussions of the Taiwan issue, the No First Use nuclear doctrine which refers to a policy not to use nuclear weapons as a means of warfare unless first attacked by an adversary using nuclear weapons is increasingly under criticism especially from the hawks in the Chinese leadership. Many of those believe t hat due to its vast conventional disadvantage against the U.S., China has to rely more on its nuclear weapons to prevent American intervention in the Taiwan Strait, and China could even launch a preemptive war on this issue. Washington has noticed these changes and has become increasingly alarmed by Chinas military modernization. In the Pentagons 2006 report, the US government shows its serious concerns for both Chinas emerging strategic capabilities and the potential changes in Chinas nuclear doctrine. Also according to the last annual reports of the U.S. Department of Defense on the military power of the PRC, the U.S. thought that China was elevating capabilities in sea, land, and air ballistic missile, space, and integrated command systems and so on, and the growth of Chinas military power could pose a credible threat to other modern militaries operating in the region(Chen Xiaodong, 2008:65). Third, historically U.S. has intervened to protect the island, so there is a great possibility Washington will join in the conflict if a hot war happens between the PRC and Taiwan. Though its still ambiguous policy makes it unclear how the United States response to a China-Taiwan conflict, as mentioned in last section, it is safe to predict that there would be strong domestic political pressure in favor of American intervention since ideological antipathy toward China and support for a democratizing Taiwan would be powerful incentives for American intervention (Layne,2004). One example may offer some clue for this is what the U.S. did in the 1996 Taiwan Strait Crisis: the United States displayed its resoluteness when in 1996 China fired ballistic missiles over Taiwan. The United States immediately dispatched two aircraft carrier battle groups into the Taiwan Strait, forcing China to back off (Bush, 2005). And with the rise of the blue team who believe the U.S. should start to contain China rather than facilitate its development in the U.S. government, it is likely that the U.S. could behave tougher when handling the Taiwan issue (Jia, 2008). CONCLUSION This essay analyses the strategic importance of Taiwan by answering the questionWhat role Taiwan plays in the Sino-U.S. relations? And it offers the answer by saying that the island has three roles in the two countries relationsfirstly, it is one of the core issues in the U.S.-China relations; secondly it is one of the most difficult issues to solve in the U.S.-China relations and last but not the least, it is the most potentially dangerous issue in the relationship. Although the Taiwan issue is the most sensitive, divisive problem in Sino-U.S. relations, it is not necessarily the most important one troubling the two countries at ALL times. Besides differences and disputes, China and the United States still shared some common interests. For instance, in the 1970s, they shared common strategic interests against Soviet expansion. Since the end of the cold war, they have shared common interests in the maintenance of stability in the East Asia and they also promote economic cooperation (Chen, 2002). Echoing the general theme of the extended hand in his inaugural address, the current U.S. president Obama struck a tone of cooperative engagement in his initial approach to China, inviting Beijing to join Washington in global co-leadership in the field such as climate change and counter-terrorism (Cooke, 2010). And the recent global economic recession has also bound the two together again. As for the relations between Taiwan and the mainland, these same global tectonics have been reshaping relations between the two across the Taiwan Strait. With Chinas emerging economy having roared back with around 10 percent projected GDP growth rate per year since 1990s, Taiwan businessmen have began to seek opportunities on the mainland. This mainland fever has been strengthening the economic ties between China and Taiwan for more than a decade, recently have multiplied and deepened. On Cross-Strai

Aluminum :: Research Essays

Aluminum Aluminum is the second most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. It has a concentration of about 8.2 percent (Craig et al 264). Aluminum â€Å"is malleable, ductile, and easily machined and cast; and has excellent corrosion resistance and durability† (http://minerals.usgs.gov/). It is evident in everyday life. Aluminum is a very useful abundant metal. A large fraction of the mineral products we seek are metals, such as aluminum (Halleck, 1/20). The major uses of aluminum are transportation, packaging and containers, and building products. Some other uses are electrical and consumer durable goods (Craig et al 266). It is important in the use of transportation because it is lightweight, which enables more efficient use of fuels, and it is resistant to corrosion (Craig et al 266). â€Å"Commercially pure aluminum is comparatively soft and ductile†¦it has tensile strength of 13,000 pounds per square inch† when it is in its annealed condition (Hobbs 76). When the metal is strain hardened, its tensile strength is 24,000 pounds per square inch (Hobbs 76). The tensile strength can increase even more when other elements are added to the metal to form alloys. Some of these elements used for alloying are copper, iron, silicon, magnesium, nickel, and zinc (Hobbs 79). Aluminum is also common in minerals such as feldspar, mica, which are silicates, and clay. Most of aluminum production has been from bauxite. â€Å"Bauxite can form from the weathering of any rock that is aluminum bearing† (Craig et al 267). Most bauxite mining is done in tropical regions where there is not an abundant amount of cheap electricity or large markets for the aluminum production (Craig et al 268). The bauxite is crushed, washed, dried, and then shipped to processing sites. Aluminum is produced by the â€Å"electrolytic reduction of alumina in a molten bath of natural or synthetic cryolite† (Craig et al 268). This process is very energy intensive so it is done in areas where electricity is cheap. â€Å"Aluminum recovery from scrap (recycling) has become an important component of the aluminum industry† (http://minerals.usgs.gov/). About thirty percent of aluminum is recycled each year. Sixty percent of that is from new scrap and forty percent is from old scrap (http://minerals.usgs.gov/). Some examples of recyclable aluminum are automobiles, windows and doors, appliances, and cans. Aluminum is also used in many cooking utensils, electrical conductors, buildings, and in transportation industries.

Country Analysis Essay

India is the third largest economy in the world as regards to its purchasing power. If effective measures are taken it can be the third largest economy after the US and China. Although India has much potential in terms of economic advancement there are vital issues that need to be addressed for instance overpopulation, environmental degradation, ethnic and religious strife as well as extensive poverty. This paper will provide general information about the country for instance it’s political, economic, social and culture organization, economic and trade indicators, specific reasons why its market is attractive, potential and pitfalls in international management, and contemporary issues that may support-impede international management. A brief history. India is located in the southern Asia and it borders the Arabian Sea as well as the Bay of Bengal. It is between Burma and Pakistan. Its early history dates back to the 19th century when Britain had the political control of all the Indian land. During the first and the second world wars the Indian soldiers played a significant role. The Indians resisted the British control over their land and this led to their independence in 1947. Significant leaders that led in the non violent resistance include Mohandas Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru. (www. state. gov). The region was divided into two comprising of the secular Indian state and the Muslim state of Pakistan. The two countries went into war in 1971 and the Eastern Pakistan became a separate nation of Bangladesh. The state of Kashmir is however a cause of dispute between the two countries up to date. Political organization. India declared itself a republic in January 1950 and it set a constitution that would guide its undertakings. The constitution was keen in ensuring justice, liberty and equality. It was also made flexible enough to incorporate the social as well as economic changes should they arise. In ensuring democracy prevailed it first held its general elections in 1952 and since then election are held after every five years. India is a Union that comprises of 28 States and seven centrally administered Union Territories. (www. state. gov). Every one above eighteen years of age and is an Indian citizen has the right to vote according to the provisions of the constitution. Fundamental Rights of every Indian citizen include the freedom of speech, expression, belief, assembly and association, migration, and choice of occupation or trade. Discrimination on grounds of race, religion, creed or sex is consequently avoided through the above provisions. India has a form of parliamentary democracy, it has a bicameral parliament and the sovereignty rests ultimately with the people. The elected officials in the parliament are responsible in making important decisions regarding the country. India has a Council of States which consists of not more than 250 members. 12 members are nominated by the President of India while the rest are elected. The vice president oversees the Council of States which is also known as Rajya Sabha. An important aspect regarding the Council of States is that it is not subject to dissolution and a third of its members retire at the end of every second year. Nominated members have a special knowledge in areas for instance literature, science, arts as well as in social services. There is also the Lok Sabha or House of the People which consists of 545 members. 530 of these are directly elected from the 25 States and 13 are from the seven Union Territories. Two of the members are nominated by the President and they act as representatives of the Anglo-Indian community. The President of India is also the Head of the State and the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces. (www. state. gov). He is elected by an electoral college composed of members of both the Houses of Parliament that is the Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha and the legislatures of the nation’s constituent States. The President holds office for five years term but he can be re-elected. However, the President does not on his own initiative exercise any constitutional powers. The Council of Ministers which is headed by the Prime Minister is the one responsible for that. Election of the vice president is between the members of both houses and the one with majority support in the Lok Sabha becomes the prime minister. The prime minister advises the president on the ministers to appoint and as long as the minister has support from the parliament he can continue to enjoy his term in the office. The judiciary is independent of the executive and it has the role of safe guarding the constitution of the land. The Supreme Court is the highest judicial tribunal but each state has its own high court. The current head of state who is also the president is Mrs Pratibha Devisingh Patil and the head of government or the prime minister is Manmohan Singh. (www. state. gov). Economic. The GDP or the purchasing power parity as at 2007 was at $2. 965 trillion while the GDP per capita was at $2,700. The composition of the GDP according to the sectors was as follows; agriculture contributed to 16. 6%, industry 28. 4% and the services sector was 55%. The labor force was 516. 4 million with agriculture registering the highest percentage at 60% the service sector was second at 28% and industry contributed 12%. The unemployment rate in 2007 was 7. 2% and the population below poverty line was 25%. The inflation rate or the consumer prices in 2007 was 5. 9%. The government budget was as follows; revenues were $145. 2 billion while expenditures were at $182. 4 billion. The public debt both the federal and state debt accounted to 58. 8% of GDP. Agricultural products that are produced in India include rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry and fish. Relevant industries include textiles, chemicals, food processing, steel, transportation equipment, cement, mining, petroleum, machinery and software. (CIA). In terms of trade India has been fluctuating for instance from 2005 to 2008 goods and services in terms of the percentage of GDP has shifted from 20. 2, 22. 7, 21. 2 to 20. 6. Likewise the inflation in this period was 4. 2, 6. 2, 6. 4 and 5. 2. Australian trade relationship in 2007 was as follows; exports to India accounted to a tune of 5. 5% of the total share recording a growth of 5. 4. Imports from India were 0. 8% of the total share which was a 14% total growth. In total the trade accounted for 3% of the total share with a growth of 6. 5%. Major exports to Australia include non monetary gold, coal, copper, ore and wool. India imports pearls and gems, electric plants, jewels and medicaments. The services exported to India from Australia include education related as well as personal travel and they attribute to 3. 8% of the total share while the imports are 0. 9% of the total share and the include computer services and personal travel. Other export destinations include the US which account for 15. 4%, United Arab Emirates 9. 5% and China 6. 4%. (CIA). India can increase its GDP by increasing the production of the goods and services that it has a competitive advantage in. The population as at July 2008 according to CIA was at 1,147,995,898. The age structure was as follows 0-14 years attributed to 31. 5% of the total population with 189,238,487 males and 172,168,306 females. 15-64 years were 63. 3% of the total population of which there were 374,157,581 males and 352,868,003 were females. Those aged 65 years and over comprised of 5. 2% of the total population with 28,285,796 males and 31,277,725 females. The population growth rate is 1. 578% with a birth rate of 22. 22 births/1,000 and a death rate of 6. 4 deaths/1,000 population. The total infant mortality rate was 32. 31 deaths/1,000 live births with males comprising 36. 94 deaths/1,000 live births as females comprised of 27. 12 deaths/1,000. Life expectancy at birth for the total population is 69. 25 years and males register a life expectancy of 66. 87 years as that of females is 71. 9 years. The total fertility rate is 2. 76 children born per woman. (CIA). Among the significant activities that have an impact in the country’s economy is agriculture which is both traditional as well as modern. The service sector and modern industries also have a significant impact on the country’s economy. A large proportion of the labor force is in the agriculture and this is risky as the sector is prone to many fluctuations in the market. To make India attractive to foreigners as an effort of boosting its economy the government has reduced unnecessary controls that would hinder foreign trade and investment. Allowing foreign investment on key areas like the telecommunications will be critical in promoting economic advancement in India. For the sensitive sectors like agriculture imposition of tariffs has the effect of reducing the number of people venturing in it. The country’s economy has registered a 7% growth within a decade and it has been able to reduce the poverty levels. In 2006 it was able to achieve an economic growth of 8. 5%. The high population can be of positive effects to the economy in the sense that it can be exploited as potential labor that is an important factor of production. By using the educated labor force it has risen to become a major exporter of software services as well as software workers. Through the economic expansion the country has been able to reduce its federal deficit at a remarkable rate. However the strong growth blended with easy accessibility to credit as well as a booming real estate precipitated inflation that was a cause of inflation. To control the inflation the central bank applied monetary policies like hiking the interest rates to slow down the credit growth. Social and culture organization India’s culture is unique although it is very diverse for instance there are over 40 languages. Indians are very friendly and this is good as it can have a positive effect on the manner at which they relate with foreigners. They are also very respectful to all and employers have good relationships with their employees. India is a resourceful country especially as it is known to provide its expertise regarding the construction of cement plants to the airports as well as to the railway systems. It has programs geared to ensuring that developing countries are provided for with feasibility and detailed technical evaluation studies. The program is effective in the sense that it provides support in training personnel in areas like agriculture as well as small scale industries. India is also very committed to ensuring that it promotes unity between the developed as well as the developing countries towards the new economic order. (www. dfat. gov. au). India has been firm in its stand of not interfering with internal affairs of other countries or nations. It however advocates for the adherence of the dignity of human beings. Regarding its position on disarmament it is highly committed to ensuring that the horrors of terrorism do not cause harm or destruction to mankind. To this effect it has joined other countries in banning nuclear weapons. Potential and pitfalls in international management and solutions. Major pitfalls in the country’s economy include the lack of privatization of government owned industries as that would increase efficiency and accountability. The populist pressures from the government are a major reason behind the lack of privatization of state owned industries. Major steps should also be taken so that the number of people living below the poverty line is reduced. The issue of unemployment is also an important one that should be well addressed. Encouraging people to be self employed as well as providing the appropriate tools will be a step forward in eradicating unemployment. Another critical issue that should be well addressed is the issue of a balanced rural urban divide. There is a problem in India where by approximately 70% of the population live in the rural areas or villages and this affects the pace by which rural urban growth takes place. (Panda and Gupta, 2004). A balanced development is what will see the Indian economy thrive. To be successful in business it will be appropriate to enhance the education system in India. This will be a step forward in ensuring that there is improved skill development. It is also critical to focus on skills development, improved governance as well as forging partnership in the private as well as public sector in the provision of infrastructures. Water is very essential and its scarcity ought to be effectively addressed. The biggest challenge that India faces is the population growth which will have a stressful impact on the countries infrastructures. There is an urgent need to control the population growth as an effort of trying to reduce the adverse effects that it would bring to the economy. To promote sustained growth economic reforms ought to be put in place so that the challenges can be well addressed. Fiscal discipline will be vital. International business is affected negatively by the fluctuations in the markets. The government ought to focus on those sectors that the economy is worst fairing in like health as well as in education. To further address the issue of unemployment it is critical to reform the labor laws so that more job opportunities are created. (Phansalkar S. 2005). Although agriculture plays an important role in the countries economy there is need to reduce over dependence. Reorganizing it in a manner that will promote the introduction of new technologies that would reduce the over reliance on climate for instance irrigation would also be vital. In an effort to reform the financial sector it will be appropriate to privatize some public sector banks as such a move will encourage efficiency and effectiveness. (Leung K and White S, 2004). To attract and retain Australian investors in India it has to ensure that its political system does not jeopardize with the investors activities. There have been cases where other foreign investors like US companies have preferred to close down instead of fighting in courts over legal requirement issues. Enhancing the structural systems will be a necessary step if investors are to be preserved in the country. Irrational tax policies as well as other forms of trade barriers need to be addressed as they act as a disincentive to trade and investment. (timesofindia. indiatimes. com). Advancing the level at which the infrastructure is being developed by increasing the finances put aside for the same will be critical in encouraging Australian investors. Enhancing the political reforms geared towards improving stability, privatization and deregulation as well as land reforms. An Australian based company can find the Indian market attractive or one with many opportunities. India is modernizing its infrastructure especially the transportation sector like the airports. This implies that there will be huge opportunities in infrastructure development like in roads, constructions, power plants, nuclear plants and air modernization. There is a considerable stable political environment that will not have adverse effects on businesses in India. (Phansalkar S. 2005). It also has a stable currency and the market is one of the biggest democratic markets with a huge middle class and this will be necessary for the company as it will provides for labor as well as potential market. The skilled labor can be tapped or exploited to provide labor for the foreign based company. There are minimal restrictions of entry to the Indian markets and the Australian based company will not face many challenges when trying to venture. References: CIA. The World Fact Book. India. Retrieved on 31st May 2008 from https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/in. html Kwok Leung and Steven White. 2004. Handbook of Asian Management. Birkhauser Publishers. Panda and Gupta. 2004. Mapping Cultural Diversity within India: A Meta-analysis of Some Recent Studies. Global Business Review. 5: 27-49 Phansalkar S. 2005. Opportunities And Strategies In Indian Business: Preparing for a Global India. Sage Publishers. India. Recent economic indicators. Retrieved on 31st May 2008 from http://www. dfat. gov. au/geo/fs/inia. pdf Swaminathan S Anklesaria Aiyar. 2001. What makes MNCs quit India? Retrieved on 31st May 2008 from http://timesofindia. indiatimes. com/articleshow/1602986123. cms Bureau of South and Central Asian Affairs. 2007 Background Note: India. Retrieved on 31st May 2008 from http://www. state. gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3454. htm

A Personal Letter to My Dad essays

A Personal Letter to My Dad essays I know that you are angry and upset with me, and I understand why-but I also want to explain myself to you. I am too uncomfortable to talk with you in person and I thought that, by writing you a letter, I could say what I needed to say without either one of us getting too upset or fighting. I also hope that you will really, really read what I have to say and give thought to it so that you understand me better. I don't think that you realize how incredibly important this is to me, but I'm not blaming you for that. I think it's because I haven't expressed myself correctly, in the way that I need to, in order to make sure that you understand how I actually feel and why...and in order to make sure that you realize what my girlfriend means to me and that this is not just some passing fancy that will only last a few months and then be over with and gone – entirely forgotten. That will not happen. First, I understand why you are upset about the other day when I climbed the wall to my girlfriend's room and her father caught me in there with her. I can see that it looked bad and why people thought what they did, but I can honestly assure you that I did not have any dishonorable intentions. I was not climbing into her room for physical pleasure of any kind. I only wanted to see her and talk to her for just a few minutes, and then I was going to leave. I hadn't even planned to climb up the wall, but had only planned to wave to her and smile at her from the street below. However, I wanted to see her so badly that, when she suggested I climb up, I was unable to say no. I was consumed with the need to be near her and talk to her face-to-face as opposed to only seeing her from her window. I was not trying to cause trouble, and I now wish that I would not have climbed the wall, but everyone makes mistakes in their life and I cannot go back and change what I have already done. Please, dad, I really need you to understand how much I ca ...

Nursing Preceptor Paper Essays

Nursing Preceptor Paper Essays Nursing Preceptor Paper Essay Nursing Preceptor Paper Essay A registered nurse would be an example of a preceptor in he nursing field because they have a license to practice. The nursing preceptor arranges for clinic kcal space and a variety of clinical patient encounters within rotation to ensure the student receives a wide clinical experience (Nursing, 2010). Preceptors are experts in nursing because they have years of experience and have a significant amount of knowledge. They are professionals who take on the responsibility to train and prepare new graduate nurses to seek more competencies in their area of interest in the health care setting. Discussion Nurse preceptors can have a good reputation or a bad reputation. In order for a preceptor to be effective in their roles, one has to support a new nurse through the phases of transition: honeymoon, reality shock, recovery and resolution (Garners, Chewer, 2012). A survey of new graduate nurses was conducted by the University of Memphis about what traits were most important for a nurse preceptor. According to this survey, a nurse preceptor allows hands on experience; welcomes interns and is prepared and ready to precept; remembers what it was like to be an intern; patient, supportive and encouraging; knowledgeable, confident, and enthusiastic about continuing heir own learning energetic and enthusiastic about ones career; models good organization and time management; has high expectations of intern; has integrity and respect for all people; and demonstrates professional ethics (Characteristics, 2014). Nursing preceptors are responsible for molding, shaping, educating and mentoring students into nurses (Scott, 2005). A preceptor needs to be a planner, coach, advocate, evaluator, cheerleader and role model for new nurses, regardless of their level on Bends model. Goals There are many goals of preceptor programs. Preceptor programs assist dents in making a smooth transition from novice to an entry level position, such as a beginner. A smooth transition focuses on improving patient care, skills and reducing the occurrence of role practice (Lurch, 2012). Another goal is for the students to gain clinical experience and critical thinking skills by practicing treatments, planning, organizing and acquiring priority-setting skills under supervision. Nurse preceptor programs provide that smooth transition by requiring numerous clinical hours and completing competency skills by providing learning opportunities, in which will follow accountability and growth professionally. Nurse Preceptors in relation to Bennett Model The Banners Model helps determine what level of competency a nurse has. It is made up of novice, advanced beginner, competent, proficient, and expert. A novice could be a nursing student who has had no experience. A novice will follow rules and procedures step by step. An advanced beginner can demonstrate performance but still rely on past experiences to perform practices. A competent nurse has a few years of experience in the health field (Banner, 1984). They may be able to practice the same skills as a proficient nurse, but they lack the speed that a proficient nurse displays. The expert performer no longer relies on an analytic principle (rule, guideline, and maxim) to connect her or his understanding of the situation to an appropriate action (Banner, 1984). Nurse preceptors fit the description of Banners Model of expert because their intuition of what to do in a situation is right on key. They have the experience and the knowledge to know what to do in most situations. As a nursing student, we are novices who need to learn the nursing process, learn how to effectively apply evidenced-base practice and to acquire the critical thinking skills as those as a professional nurse. Conclusion Nursing preceptors can make a difference in a student, new nurse or staff in a particular setting. Lack of preceptor skills can lead to the new nurse and staff to be dissatisfied, which could lead to a new position. It is certain that all nurses, professional or a novice, face environmental, cultural, social, technological, physical, political and emotional changes during a new job (Scott, 2005). It is the role of a nursing preceptor to make sure that the nursing student or new graduate is prepared for these changes. Perception is an organized, evidence-based, outcome-driven approach to assuring competent practice (Lurch, 2012). The competencies of a nurse preceptor need to reflect on a student.